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We address the classical stellar-atmosphere problem and describe our method of numerical solution in detail. The problem consists of the solution of the radiation transfer equation under the constraints of hydrostatic, radiative and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 K. Werner , J. L. Deetjen , S. Dreizler , T. Nagel , T. Rauch , S. L. Schuh

We study the conjugate gradient method for solving s system of linear equations with coefficients which are measurable functions and establish the rate of convergence of this method.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-08 King-Fai Lai

Training and inference in Gaussian processes (GPs) require solving linear systems with $n\times n$ kernel matrices. To address the prohibitive $\mathcal{O}(n^3)$ time complexity, recent work has employed fast iterative methods, like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Kaiwen Wu , Jonathan Wenger , Haydn Jones , Geoff Pleiss , Jacob R. Gardner

In geometry processing, numerical optimization methods often involve solving sparse linear systems of equations. These linear systems have a structure that strongly resembles to adjacency graphs of the underlying mesh. We observe how…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-10-06 Nicolas Ray , Sokolov Dmitry

We propose and study a variant of the Dai-Liao spectral conjugate gradient method, developed through an analysis of eigenvalues and inspired by a modified secant condition. We show that our proposed method is globally convergent for general…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-16 D. R. Sahu , Shikher Sharma , Pankaj Gautam , Simeon Reich

Bilevel optimization has recently regained interest owing to its applications in emerging machine learning fields such as hyperparameter optimization, meta-learning, and reinforcement learning. Recent results have shown that simple…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-09 Quan Xiao , Songtao Lu , Tianyi Chen

Non-LTE radiative transfer is a key tool for modern astrophysics: it is the means by which many key synthetic observables are produced, thus connecting simulations and observations. Radiative transfer models also inform our understanding of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 Christopher M. J. Osborne , Alexander Sannikov

We study the solution of large symmetric positive-definite linear systems in a matrix-free setting with a limited iteration budget. We focus on the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method with spectral preconditioning. Spectral…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Youssef Diouane , Selime Gürol , Oussama Mouhtal , Dominique Orban

In practical computations, the (preconditioned) conjugate gradient (P)CG method is the iterative method of choice for solving systems of linear algebraic equations $Ax=b$ with a real symmetric positive definite matrix $A$. During the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-01-12 Gérard Meurant , Jan Papež , Petr Tichý

Distributed algorithms to solve linear equations in multi-agent networks have attracted great research attention and many iteration-based distributed algorithms have been developed. The convergence speed is a key factor to be considered for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Haodi Ping , Yongcai Wang , Deying Li

The Bayesian conjugate gradient method offers probabilistic solutions to linear systems but suffers from poor calibration, limiting its utility in uncertainty quantification tasks. Recent approaches leveraging postiterations to construct…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-13 Niall Vyas , Disha Hegde , Jon Cockayne

The linear conjugate gradient method is widely used in physical simulation, particularly for solving large-scale linear systems derived from Newton's method. The nonlinear conjugate gradient method generalizes the conjugate gradient method…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-15 Xing Shen , Runyuan Cai , Mengxiao Bi , Tangjie Lv

In the present article, we discuss a numerical method of solution for the so-called "full non-LTE" radiation transfer problem, basic formalism of which was revisited by Paletou & Peymirat (2021; see also Oxenius 1986). More specifically,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-15 F. Paletou , M. Sampoorna , C. Peymirat

In this chapter, we investigate recently proposed nonlinear conjugate gradient (NCG) methods for shape optimization problems. We briefly introduce the methods as well as the corresponding theoretical background and investigate their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Sebastian Blauth

Thermal radiative transfer (TRT) is an essential piece of physics in inertial confinement fusion, high-energy density physics, astrophysics etc. The physical models of this type of problem are defined by strongly coupled differential…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-06 Dmitriy Y. Anistratov , Terry S. Haut

This paper presents a fast iterative solver for Lippmann-Schwinger equation for high-frequency waves scattered by a smooth medium with a compactly supported inhomogeneity. The solver is based on the sparsifying preconditioner and a domain…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-07-08 Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez , Hongkai Zhao

A solution of the radiative-transfer problem in arbitrary velocity fields introduced in a previous paper, has limitations in its applicability. For large-scale applications, the methods described also require large memory sets that are…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-24 S. Knop , P. H. Hauschildt , E. Baron

Solving large-scale linear systems problems is a cornerstone in scientific and industrial computing. Classical iterative solvers face increasing difficulty as the number of unknowns becomes large, while fully quantum linear solvers require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Shigetora Miyashita , Yoshi-aki Shimada

This paper investigates iterative methods for solving bi-level optimization problems where both inner and outer functions have a composite structure. We establish novel theoretical results, including the first analysis that provides…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Shimrit Shtern , Adeolu Taiwo

This paper presents distributed conjugate gradient algorithms for distributed parameter estimation and spectrum estimation over wireless sensor networks. In particular, distributed conventional conjugate gradient (CCG) and modified…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-01-19 R. C. de Lamare