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Related papers: Early Real-time Estimation of Infectious Disease R…

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An important issue in theoretical epidemiology is the epidemic threshold phenomenon, which specify the conditions for an epidemic to grow or die out. In standard (mean-field-like) compartmental models the concept of the basic reproductive…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Alves , V. J. Haas , A. Caliri

The effective reproduction number is an important descriptor of an infectious disease epidemic. In small populations, ideally we would estimate the effective reproduction number using a Markov Jump Process (MJP) model of the spread of…

We argue that the time from the onset of infectiousness to infectious contact, which we call the contact interval, is a better basis for inference in epidemic data than the generation or serial interval. Since contact intervals can be…

Applications · Statistics 2023-10-24 Eben Kenah

Early outbreak data analysis is critical for informing about their potential impact and interventions. However, data obtained early in outbreaks are often sensitive and subject to strict privacy restrictions. Thus, federated analysis, which…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-27 Simon Busch-Moreno , Moritz U. G. Kraemer

A simplified method to compute $R_t$, the Effective Reproduction Number, is presented. The method relates the value of $R_t$ to the estimation of the doubling time performed with a local exponential fit. The condition $R_t = 1$ corresponds…

Accurate estimates of the reproduction ratio are crucial to project infectious disease epidemic evolution and guide public health response. Here, we prove that estimates of the reproduction ratio based on inference from surveillance data…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-08 Piero Birello , Michele Re Fiorentin , Boxuan Wang , Vittoria Colizza , Eugenio Valdano

The initial phase of an epidemic is often characterized by an exponential increase in the number of infected individuals. In this paper, we predict the exponential spreading rate of an epidemic on a complex network. We first find an…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-21 Samuel Cure , Florian G. Pflug , Simone Pigolotti

Infectious diseases occur when pathogens from other individuals or animals infect a person, resulting in harm to both individuals and society as a whole. The outbreak of such diseases can pose a significant threat to human health. However,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-24 Ghazaleh Babanejaddehaki , Aijun An , Manos Papagelis

Early in an infectious disease outbreak, timely and accurate estimation of the basic reproduction number ($R_0$) and the serial interval (SI) is critical for understanding transmission dynamics and informing public health responses. While…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-29 Tatiana Krikella , Jane M. Heffernan , Hanna Jankowski

As the interactions between people increases, the impending menace of COVID-19 outbreaks materialize, and there is an inclination to apply lockdowns. In this context, it is essential to have easy-to-use indicators for people to use as a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-26 Joaquín Salas

Due to its ability to summarise 'real-time' epidemic behaviour, the time-dependent reproduction number, Rt, is a useful metric for tracking pathogen transmission and quantifying the effects of interventions during infectious disease…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-12 Ioana Bouros , Robin Thompson , David Gavaghan , Ben Lambert

We formulate a general age-of-infection epidemic model with two pathways: the symptomatic infections and the asymptomatic infections. We then calculate the basic reproduction number $\mathcal{R}_0$ and establish the final size relation. It…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-04 Fan Bai

Understanding the timing of the peak of a disease outbreak forms an important part of epidemic forecasting. In many cases, such information is essential for planning increased hospital bed demand and for designing of public health…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-27 Jacob Curran-Sebastian , Lorenzo Pellis , Ian Hall , Thomas House

Basic and instantaneous reproduction numbers, "R" _"0" and "R" _"t" , are important metrics to assess progress of an epidemic and effectiveness of preventative interventions undertaken, and also to estimate coverage needed for vaccination.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-07 Derek Marsh

In this paper, we introduce a general numerical method to approximate the reproduction numbers of a large class of multi-group, age-structured, population models with a finite age span. To provide complete flexibility in the definition of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-21 Simone De Reggi , Francesca Scarabel , Rossana Vermiglio

One of the most significant challenges in combating against the spread of infectious diseases was the difficulty in estimating the true magnitude of infections. Unreported infections could drive up disease spread, making it very hard to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jiaming Cui , Bijaya Adhikari , Arash Haddadan , A S M Ahsan-Ul Haque , Jilles Vreeken , Anil Vullikanti , B. Aditya Prakash

The effect of diffusion rates on the basic reproduction number of a general compartmental reaction-diffusion epidemic model in a heterogeneous environment is considered. It is shown when the diffusion rates tend to zero, the limit of the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-09-24 Shanshan Chen , Junping Shi

In this paper we consider epidemic models of directly transmissible SIR (susceptible $\to$ infective $\to$ recovered) and SEIR (with an additional latent class) infections in fully-susceptible populations with a social structure, consisting…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-12-11 Frank Ball , Lorenzo Pellis , Pieter Trapman

Early detection of disease outbreaks is of paramount importance to implementing intervention strategies to mitigate the severity and duration of the outbreak. We build methodology that utilizes the characteristic profile of disease…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-01-20 Michael D. Porter , Jarad B. Niemi , Brian J. Reich

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has shown that when the reproduction number is high and there are no proper measurements in place, the number of infected people can increase dramatically in a short time, producing a phenomenon that many…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-09-20 Jonathan A. Chávez Casillas