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We consider a non-singular origin for the Universe starting from an Einstein static Universe, the so called "emergent universe" scenario, in the framework of a theory which uses two volume elements $\sqrt{-{g}}d^{4}x$ and $\Phi d^{4}x$,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Eduardo Guendelman , Pedro Labrana

In the Friedmann equations, an infinite initial density is avoided only when the universe is spatially flat. With such equations being then valid when the scale factor $a=0$, the universe must also be in the state of vacuum when $a$ is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-06-26 N. Tsitverblit

An introductory account is given of the understanding of the structure of the universe. At present the most plausible theory of the origin of the universe is that it formed from the explosion of an extremely hot and dense fireball several…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. J. Haubold , A. M. Mathai

We apply the complex de Broglie-Bohm formulation of quantum mechanics [1] to a spatially closed homogeneous and isotropic early Universe whose matter content are radiation and dust perfect fluids. We then show that an expanding classical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-10-12 M. Fathi , S. Jalalzadeh , P. V. Moniz

Statistical description of the Universe as non-equilibrium system has been proposed. Based on two fundamental principles, i.e., the law of increasing entropy and the principle of minimum energy of the system and try to answer the question…

General Physics · Physics 2019-01-17 B. I. Lev , A. G. Zagorodny

How was the world created? People have asked this ever since they could ask anything, and answers have come from all sides: from religion, tradition, philosophy, mysticism... and science. While this does not seem like a problem amenable to…

Popular Physics · Physics 2012-02-13 Ram Brustein , Judy Kupferman

An interesting idea is that the universe could be spontaneously created from nothing, but no rigorous proof has been given. In this paper, we present such a proof based on the analytic solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation (WDWE).…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-04-07 Dongshan He , Dongfeng Gao , Qing-yu Cai

It is advisable to avoid and, even better, demystify such grandiose terms as "infinity" or "singularity" in the description of the cosmos. Its proliferation does not positively contribute to the understanding of key concepts that are…

General Physics · Physics 2023-09-11 Emilio Elizalde

A model of an emergent universe is formulated using the mechanism of particle creation. Here the universe is considered as a non-equilibrium thermodynamical system with dissipation due to particle creation mechanism. The universe is chosen…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-19 Subenoy Chakraborty

We describe the very nature of the elementary particles, which our (visible) Universe consists of. We point out that they are not point-like, and we depict their ways of interacting. We also address puzzles that occur even in the absence of…

Popular Physics · Physics 2021-01-27 Wolfgang Bietenholz

We consider the quantum creation of a universe with flat spatial sections and the topology of a 3-torus, taking into account the effect of Casimir energy. We show that the corresponding instantons are singular. Since these instantons…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-22 Alan H. Guth , Alexander Vilenkin

The initial conditions of our Universe can be summarized on a single sheet of paper. Yet the Universe is full of complex structures today, such as stars, galaxies and groups of galaxies. In this review I describe the standard theoretical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-04-16 Abraham Loeb

Curiously, our Universe was born in a low entropy state, with abundant free energy to power stars and life. The form that this free energy takes is usually thought to be gravitational: the Universe is almost perfectly smooth, and so can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-22 Luke A. Barnes , Geraint F. Lewis

If our universe underwent inflation, its entropy during the inflationary phase was substantially lower than it is today. Because a low-entropy state is less likely to be chosen randomly than a high-entropy one, inflation is unlikely to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-12 Sean M. Carroll , Jennifer Chen

If we look from a quantum perspective, the most natural way in which the universe can be created is in entangled pairs whose time flow is oppositely related. This suggests the idea of the creation of a universe-antiuniverse pair. Assuming…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-29 Naman Kumar

The universe is certainly not yet in total thermodynamical equilibrium,so clearly some law telling about special initial conditions is needed. A universe or a system imposed to behave periodically gets thereby required ``initial…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Holger B. Nielsen , Masao Ninomiya

The question of first-cause has troubled philosophers and cosmologists alike. Now that it is apparent that our universe began in a Big Bang explosion, the question of what happened before the Big Bang arises. Inflation seems like a very…

Astrophysics · Physics 2012-08-27 J. Richard Gott , III , Li-Xin Li

Cosmological observations strongly suggest the presence of dark energy which comprises the majority of the current energy density of the universe. The equation of state relating the pressure and energy density of this dark energy, p = w…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric Gawiser

We provide a realisation of a singularity-free inflationary universe in the form of a simple cosmological model dominated at early times by a single minimally coupled scalar field with a physically based potential. The universe starts…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 George F. R. Ellis , Jeff Murugan , Christos G. Tsagas

Universe structure emerges in the unreduced, complex-dynamic interaction process with the simplest initial configuration (two attracting homogeneous fields, quant-ph/9902015). The unreduced interaction analysis gives intrinsically creative…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei P. Kirilyuk