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Cells regulate gene expression in part by forming DNA-protein condensates in the nucleus. While existing theories describe the equilibrium size and stability of such condensates, their dynamics remain less understood. Here, we use…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-22 Adam R. Lamson , Mohammadhossein Firouznia , Michael J. Shelley

A fundamental design rule that nature has developed for biological machines is the intimate correlation between motion and function. One class of biological machines is molecular motors in living cells, which directly convert chemical…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-05-11 Na Liu

Loop formation in long molecules occurs many places in nature, from solutions of carbon nanotubes to polymers inside a cell. In this article, we review theoretical studies of the static and dynamic properties of polymer loops. For example,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Suckjoon Jun , John Bechhoefer

Biomolecular condensates have been shown to play a fundamental role in localizing biochemistry in a cell. RNA is a common constituent of condensates, and can determine their biophysical properties. Functions of biomolecular condensates are…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-22 Alex Mayer , Grace McLaughlin , Sierra Cole , Amy Gladfelter , Marcus Roper

A multiscale approach is used to simulate the translocation of DNA through a nanopore. Within this scheme, the interactions of the molecule with the surrounding fluid (solvent) are explicitly taken into account. By generating polymers of…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Simone Melchionna , Maria Fyta , Efthimios Kaxiras , Sauro Succi

In biology, predicting RNA secondary structures plays a vital role in determining its physical and chemical properties. Although we have powerful energy models to predict them as well as parametric analysis to understand the models…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-01 Doan Dai Nguyen

We propose a biochemical model providing the kinetic and energetic descriptions of the processivity dynamics of kinesin and dinein molecular motors. Our approach is a modified version of a well known model describing kinesin dynamics and…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2012-05-17 J. Lopez Alamilla , I. Santamaria-Holek

Conventional kinesin is a homodimeric motor protein that unidirectionally transports organelles along filamentous microtubule (MT) by hydrolyzing ATP molecules. This study shows that the load modulations of ATP turnover and head diffusion…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-07-13 Dagong Fan , Wenwei Zheng , Ruizheng Hou , Fuli Li , Zhisong Wang

Transcription is regulated through interplay between transcription factors, an RNA polymerase(RNAP), and a promoter. Even for a simple repressive transcription factor that disturbs promoter activity at the initial binding of RNAP, its…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-13 Hiizu Nakanishi , Namiko Mitarai , Kim Sneppen

Synthetic molecular motors are an appealing means to control motion at the nanoscale, but understanding their behaviour as single-molecule actuators and integrating them into larger, functional systems remain technical challenges.…

Gene transcription by a RNA Polymerase (RNAP) enzyme requires that double-stranded DNA be locally and transiently opened, which results in an increase of DNA supercoiling downstream of the RNAP and a decrease of supercoiling upstream of it.…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Marc Joyeux

We investigate the voltage-driven transport of hybridized DNA through membrane channels. As membrane channels are typically too narrow to accommodate hybridized DNA, the dehybridization of the DNA is the critical rate limiting step in the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Lakatos , T. Chou , B. Bergersen , G. Patey

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes (CRE) are bio-molecular motors in eukaryotic cells. These are driven by a chemical fuel, namely, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). CREs actively participate in many cellular processes that require…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 Ashok Garai , Jesrael Mani , Debashish Chowdhury

RNA function is tied to secondary structure, operating through dynamic and heterogeneous structural ensembles. While current analysis tools typically output single static structures or averaged contact maps, chemical probing methods like…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-20 Giuseppe Sacco , Jianhui Li , Redmond P. Smyth , Guido Sanguinetti , Giovanni Bussi

In many important cellular processes, including mRNA translation, gene transcription, phosphotransfer, and intracellular transport, biological "particles" move along some kind of "tracks". The motion of these particles can be modeled as a…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2017-11-01 Yoram Zarai , Michael Margaliot , Tamir Tuller

The effect of sequence heterogeneity on the dynamics of molecular motors is reviewed and analyzed using a set of recently introduced lattice models. First, we review results for the influence of heterogenous tracks such as a single-strand…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-25 Yariv Kafri , David R. Nelson

We have micromachined a silicon-chip device that transports DNA with a Brownian ratchet that rectifies the Brownian motion of microscopic particles. Transport properties for a DNA 50mer agree with theoretical predictions, and the DNA…

In fast growing bacteria, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is required to be transcribed at very high rates to sustain the high cellular demand on ribosome synthesis. This results in dense traffic of RNA polymerases (RNAP). We developed a stochastic…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2008-11-24 Stefan Klumpp , Terence Hwa

An inchworm processive mechanism is proposed to explain the motion of dimeric molecular motors such as kinesin. We present here preliminary results for this mechanism focusing on observables like mean velocity, coupling ratio and efficiency…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-13 A. Ciudad , J. M. Sancho , A. M. Lacasta

In recent literature there has been a lot of interest in the phenomena of noise induced transport in the absence of an average bias occurring in spatially periodic systems far from equilibrium. One of the main motivations in this area is to…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Raishma Krishnan , A. M. Jayannavar