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The structural constants of an evolution algebra is given by a quadratic matrix $A$. In this work we establish equivalence between nil, right nilpotent evolution algebras and evolution algebras, which are defined by upper triangular matrix…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2010-04-08 J. M. Casas , M. Ladra , B. A. Omirov , U. A. Rozikov

It is shown that a class of important integrable nonlinear evolution equations in (2+1) dimensions can be associated with the motion of space curves endowed with an extra spatial variable or equivalently, moving surfaces. Geometrical…

solv-int · Physics 2013-10-15 M. Lakshmanan , R. Myrzakulov , S. Vijayalakshmi , A. K. Danlybaeva

Theories of gravity other than general relativity (GR) can explain the observed cosmic acceleration without a cosmological constant. One such class of theories of gravity is f(R). Metric f(R) theories have been proven to be equivalent to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-19 Vasileios Paschalidis , Seyyed M. H. Halataei , Stuart L. Shapiro , Ignacy Sawicki

We discuss linear autonomous evolution equations on function spaces which have the property that a positive initial value leads to a solution which initially changes sign, but then becomes - and stays - positive again for sufficiently large…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-02-22 Jochen Glück

Maxwells classic equations with fields, potentials, positive and negative charges in 3+1 spacetime are derived solely from the symmetry that is required by the Geometric Algebra of a 3+3 spacetime. The observed direction of time is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. E. Carroll

We report on a new 3D numerical code designed to solve the Einstein equations for general vacuum spacetimes. This code is based on the standard 3+1 approach using cartesian coordinates. We discuss the numerical techniques used in developing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Peter Anninos , Karen Camarda , Joan Masso , Edward Seidel , Wai-Mo Suen , John Towns

We derive the two equations of Davey-Stewartson type from a zero curvature condition associated with SL(2,{\bf R}) in $2+1$ dimensions. We show in general how a $2+1$ dimensional zero curvature condition can be obtained from the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 J. C. Brunelli , Ashok Das

The space of derivations of finite dimensional evolution algebras associated to graphs over a field with characteristic zero has been completely characterized in the literature. In this work we generalize that characterization by describing…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Tiago Reis , Paula Cadavid

QCD evolution equations in $\text{MS}$-like schemes can be recovered from the same equations in a modified theory, QCD in non-integer $d=4-2\epsilon$ dimensions, which enjoys exact scale and conformal invariance at the critical point.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-22 V. M. Braun , A. N. Manashov

General exact solution is obtained for the problem of the development of arbitrary disturbances of the density and velocity in a (1+1)-dimensional universe. This analytical solution may serve, particularly, as a test for numerical methods.…

General Physics · Physics 2010-01-22 E. A. Novikov

We obtain the complete Lie point symmetry algebras of two sequences of odd-order evolution equations. This includes equations that are fully-nonlinear, i.e. nonlinear in the highest derivative. Two of the equations in the sequences have…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2025-10-23 Marianna Euler , Norbert Euler

In the 3+1 framework of the Einstein equations for the case of vanishing shift vector and arbitrary lapse, we calculate explicitly the four boundary equations arising from the vanishing of the projection of the Einstein tensor along the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Simonetta Frittelli , Roberto Gomez

The generalized harmonic equations of general relativity are written in 3+1 form. The result is a system of partial differential equations with first order time and second order space derivatives for the spatial metric, extrinsic curvature,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-29 J. David Brown

Higher dimensional space-time models provide us an alternative interpretation of nature, and give us different dynamical aspects than the traditional four-dimensional space-time models. Motivated by such recent interests, especially for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Hisa-aki Shinkai , Gen Yoneda

By writing the complete set of $3 + 1$ (ADM) equations for linearized waves, we are able to demonstrate the properties of the initial data and of the evolution of a wave problem set by Alcubierre and Schutz. We show that the gauge modes and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Richard A. Matzner , Mijan Huq , Alonso Botero , Dae Il Choi , Ullar Kask , Juan Lara , Steven Liebling , David Neilsen , Premana Premadi , Deirdre Shoemaker

The purpose of the paper is to develop further a projection variational approach in relativistic hydrodynamics. The approach, previously proposed in [gr-qc/9908032], is based on the variation of the vector field and the projection tensor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 B. G. Dimitrov

It is well-known that the space of derivations of $n$-dimensional evolution algebras with non-singular matrices is zero. On the other hand, the space of derivations of evolution algebras with matrices of rank $n-1$ has also been completely…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-11-06 Paula Cadavid , Mary Luz Rodiño Montoya , Pablo M. Rodriguez

We study the stability of three-dimensional numerical evolutions of the Einstein equations, comparing the standard ADM formulation to variations on a family of formulations that separate out the conformal and traceless parts of the system.…

Most research in the theory of evolutionary computation assumes that the problem at hand has a fixed problem size. This assumption does not always apply to real-world optimization challenges, where the length of an optimal solution may be…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Benjamin Doerr , Carola Doerr , Timo Kötzing

In this paper we present a full-fledged scheme for the second order accurate, divergence-free evolution of vector fields on an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) hierarchy. We focus here on adaptive mesh MHD. The scheme is based on making a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Dinshaw Balsara