Related papers: The n-th root of sequential effect algebras

We study the sequential product, the operation $p * q = \sqrt{p} q \sqrt{p}$ on the set of effects of a von Neumann algebra that represents sequential measurement of first $p$ and then $q$. We give four axioms which completely determine the…

A beta expansion is the analogue of the base 10 representation of a real number, where the base may be a non-integer. Although the greedy beta expansion of 1 using a non-integer base is in general infinitely long and non-repeating, it is…

Let $F$ be a field with at least three elements and $G$ a locally finite group. This paper aims to show that if either $F$ is algebraically closed or the characteristic of $F$ is positive, then an element in the group algebra $FG$ is a…

Let $p$ be a polynomial in one variable whose roots either all have multiplicity more than 1 or all have multiplicity exactly 1. It is shown that the universal $C^*$-algebra of a relation $p(x)=0$, $\|x\| \le 1$ is semiprojective. In the…

The Bernstein-Sato polynomial is an important invariant of an element or an ideal in a polynomial ring or power series ring of characteristic zero, with interesting connections to various algebraic and topological aspects of the…

This paper presents an alternative proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra that has several distinct advantages. The proof is based on simple ideas involving continuity and differentiation. Visual software demonstrations can be used to…

We provide an asymptotic expansion for $\sum_{k=1}^n \left\{\sqrt{k}\right\}$. In the same spirit, we discuss the case of n-th root and it relation to special values of Riemman's zeta function.

Pseudodifferential parabolic equations with an operator square root arise in wave propagation problems as a one-way counterpart of the Helmholtz equation. The expression under the square root usually involves a differential operator and a…

This paper presents geometric proofs for the irrationality of square roots of select integers, extending classical approaches. Building on known geometric methods for proving the irrationality of sqrt(2), the authors explore whether similar…

We treat three recurrences involving square roots, the first of which arises from an infinite simple radical expansion for the Golden mean, whose precise convergence rate was made famous by Richard Bruce Paris in 1987. A never-before-seen…

A unitary divisor $c$ of a positive integer $n$ is a positive divisor of $n$ that is relatively prime to $\displaystyle{\frac{n}{c}}$. For any integer $k$, the function $\sigma_k^*$ is a multiplicative arithmetic function defined so that…

Denote by p_k the k-th power sum symmetric polynomial n variables. The interpretation of the q-analogue of the binomial coefficient as Hilbert function leads us to discover that n consecutive power sums in n variables form a regular…

The paper studies the question of existence of polynomials with given roots over associative non-commutative rings with identity. It is shown that in the case of an associative division ring for arbitrary n elements of this ring there…

The aim of this article is to obtain a formula giving, for a positive integer $n$, the number of roots of the $n^{th}$ continuant polynomial over a finite local ring. In particular, we will give counting formulae for the roots of the…

This note concerns the non-existence of three consecutive powerful numbers. We use Pell equations, elliptic curves, and second-order recurrences to show that there are no such triplets with the middle term a perfect cube and each of the…

An asymptotic formula with a square root error term is obtained for the number of elements with given trace and norm in a finite semisimple algebra over a finite field. This extends previous results from finite etale algebras (commutative…

Effect systems are lightweight extensions to type systems that can verify a wide range of important properties with modest developer burden. But our general understanding of effect systems is limited primarily to systems where the order of…

Let $n \geq 3$ and $R_{abcd}$ be a $(4,0)$ sectionally positive curvature-type tensor (a tensor possessing all the local symmetries of the $(4,0)$ curvature tensor). Then there exists a metric tensor $g_{ab}$ such that $R_{abcd}\; g^{bd} =…

In this paper we prove by induction on $n$ that any positive real number has $n$th root.

In additive number theory, a finite set $A$ of integers is an $h$-basis for $n$ if every integer in $\{0,1,2,\ldots, n\}$ can be represented as the sum of exactly $h$ not necessarily distinct elements of $A$. This paper introduces a new…