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We define a new escape game in graphs that we call Nemesis. The game is played on a graph having a subset of vertices labeled as exits and the goal of one of the two players, called the fugitive, is to reach one of these exit vertices. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Pierre Bergé , Antoine Dailly , Yan Gerard

Holzer and Holzer (Discrete Applied Mathematics 144(3):345--358, 2004) proved that the Tantrix(TM) rotation puzzle problem is NP-complete. They also showed that for infinite rotation puzzles, this problem becomes undecidable. We study the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-06-09 Dorothea Baumeister , Joerg Rothe

For any odd integer $n\geq3$ a board (of size $n$) is a square array of $n\times n$ positions with a simple rule of how to move between positions. The goal of the game we introduce is to find a path from the upper left corner of a board to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-05 Ary Shaviv

The computational complexity of tiling finite simply connected regions with a fixed set of tiles is studied in this paper. We show that the problem of tiling simply connected regions with a fixed set of $23$ Wang tiles is NP-complete. As a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-19 Chao Yang , Zhujun Zhang

We consider the one-person game of peg solitaire on a triangular board of arbitrary size. The basic game begins from a full board with one peg missing and finishes with one peg at a specified board location. We develop necessary and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-01-17 George I. Bell

We study a family of sorting match puzzles on grids, which we call permutation match puzzles. In this puzzle, each row and column of a $n \times n$ grid is labeled with an ordering constraint -- ascending (A) or descending (D) -- and the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Kshitij Gajjar , Neeldhara Misra

Temporal graphs extend ordinary graphs with discrete time that affects the availability of edges. We consider solving games played on temporal graphs where one player aims to explore the graph, i.e., visit all vertices. The complexity…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Pete Austin , Nicolas Mazzocchi , Sougata Bose , Patrick Totzke

Node Kayles is a well-known two-player impartial game on graphs: Given an undirected graph, each player alternately chooses a vertex not adjacent to previously chosen vertices, and a player who cannot choose a new vertex loses the game. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Yasuaki Kobayashi

We study the complexity of solving two-player infinite duration games played on a fixed finite graph, where the control of a node is not predetermined but rather assigned randomly. In classic random-turn games, control of each node is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sarvin Bahmani , Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen , Soumyajit Paul , Sven Schewe , Friedrich Slivovsky , Qiyi Tang , Dominik Wojtczak , Shufang Zhu

We study a popular puzzle game known variously as Clickomania and Same Game. Basically, a rectangular grid of blocks is initially colored with some number of colors, and the player repeatedly removes a chosen connected monochromatic group…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Therese C. Biedl , Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Rudolf Fleischer , Lars Jacobsen , J. Ian Munro

Numberlink is a puzzle game in which players are given a grid with nodes marked with a natural number, $n$, and asked to create $n$ connections with neighboring nodes. Connections can only be made with top, bottom, left and right neighbors,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-10-07 Andrea Arauza Rivera , Matt McClinton , David Smith

Consider a periodical (in two independent directions) tiling of the plane with polygons (faces). In this article we shall only give examples using squares, regular hexagons, equilateral triangles and parallelograms ("unions" of two…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2011-06-07 Jorge Rezende

Various forms of sorting problems have been studied over the years. Recently, two kinds of sorting puzzle apps are popularized. In these puzzles, we are given a set of bins filled with colored units, balls or water, and some empty bins.…

It is NP-hard to decide if a given pure-strategy Nash equilibrium of a given three-player game in strategic form with integer payoffs is trembling hand perfect.

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2008-12-03 Peter Bro Miltersen

We consider the symmetric Toeplitz matrix completion problem, whose matrix under consideration possesses specific row and column structures. This problem, which has wide application in diverse areas, is well-known to be computationally…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-15 Xihong Yan , Jiahao Guo , Yi Xu

Spiral Galaxies is a pencil-and-paper puzzle played on a grid of unit squares: given a set of points called centers, the goal is to partition the grid into polyominoes such that each polyomino contains exactly one center and is 180{\deg}…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Erik D. Demaine , Maarten Löffler , Christiane Schmidt

Bloxorz is an online puzzle game where players move a 1 by 1 by 2 block by tilting it on a subset of the two dimensional grid. Bloxorz features switches that open and close trapdoors. The puzzle is to move the block from its initial…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-11-24 Tom C. van der Zanden , Hans L. Bodlaender

Nondango is a pencil puzzle consisting of a rectangular grid partitioned into regions, with some cells containing a white circle. The player has to color some circles black such that every region contains exactly one black circle, and there…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Suthee Ruangwises

In the Nikoli pencil-and-paper game Tatamibari, a puzzle consists of an $m \times n$ grid of cells, where each cell possibly contains a clue among +, -, |. The goal is to partition the grid into disjoint rectangles, where every rectangle…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Aviv Adler , Jeffrey Bosboom , Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Quanquan C. Liu , Jayson Lynch

We study the complexity of the popular one player combinatorial game known as Flood-It. In this game the player is given an n by n board of tiles where each tile is allocated one of c colours. The goal is to make the colours of all tiles…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-06-10 Raphael Clifford , Markus Jalsenius , Ashley Montanaro , Benjamin Sach