Related papers: Electronic Refrigeration at the Quantum Limit
Electron tunneling between superconductors and normal metals has been used for an efficient refrigeration of electrons in the latter. Such cooling is a non-linear effect and usually requires a large voltage. Here we study the electron…
A model of a superconducting tunnel junction which refrigerates a nearby metallic island without any particle exchange is presented. Heat extraction is mediated by charge fluctuations in the coupling capacitance of the two systems. The…
Efficient electron-refrigeration based on a normal-metal/spin-filter/superconductor junction is proposed and demonstrated theoretically. The spin-filtering effect leads to values of the cooling power much higher than in conventional…
The design and operation of an electronic cooler based on a combination of superconducting tunnel junctions is described. The cascade extraction of hot-quasiparticles, which stems from the energy gaps of two different superconductors,…
We consider a design for a cyclic microrefrigerator using a superconducting flux qubit. Adiabatic modulation of the flux combined with thermalization can be used to transfer energy from a lower temperature normal metal thin film resistor to…
We discuss the theory of cooling electrons in solid-state devices via ``evaporative emission.'' Our model is based on filtering electron subbands in a quantum-wire device. When incident electrons in a higher-energy subband scatter out of…
We demonstrate experimentally that a hybrid single-electron transistor with superconducting leads and a normal-metal island can be refrigerated by an alternating voltage applied to the gate electrode. The simultaneous measurement of the dc…
The emerging quantum technological applications call for fast and accurate initialization of the corresponding devices to low-entropy quantum states. To this end, we theoretically study a recently demonstrated quantum-circuit refrigerator…
The frontiers of quantum electronics have been linked to the discovery of new refrigeration methods since the discovery of superconductivity at a temperature around $4\,$K, enabled by the liquefaction of helium. Since then, the advances in…
We demonstrate electronic cooling of a suspended AuPd island using superconductor-insulator-normal metal tunnel junctions. This was achieved by developing a simple fabrication method for reliably releasing narrow submicron sized metal…
We study the thermal transport properties of a mesoscopic device comprising two metallic islands embedded in a two-dimensional electron gas in the integer quantum Hall regime. It is shown that the $2M$ ballistic edge channels connecting the…
Hybrid quantum systems have the potential of mitigating current challenges in developing a scalable quantum computer. Of particular interest is the hybridization between atomic and superconducting qubits. We demonstrate a novel experimental…
We discuss inherent thermometry in a Superconductor - Normal metal - Superconductor tunnel junction. In this configuration, the energy selectivity of single-particle tunneling can provide a significant electron cooling, depending on the…
We investigate a mechanism for extracting heat from metallic conductors based on the energy-selective transmission of electrons through a spatially asymmetric resonant structure subject to ac driving. This quantum refrigerator can operate…
We study quasiparticle energy relaxation at sub-kelvin temperatures by injecting hot electrons into an aluminium island and measuring the energy flux from electrons into phonons both in the superconducting and in the normal state. The data…
We discuss continuous observation of the momentum of a single atom by employing the high velocity sensitivity of the index of refraction in a driven $\Lambda$-system based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In the ideal…
Micro-refrigerators that operate in the sub-kelvin regime are a key device in quantum technology. A well-studied candidate, an electronic cooler using Normal metal - Insulator - Superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions offers substantial…
We study transport properties and the charge quantization phenomenon in a small metallic island connected to the leads through two quantum point contacts (QPCs). The linear conductance is calculated perturbatively with respect to weak…
The charge localization of single electrons on mesoscopic metallic islands leads to a suppression of the electrical current, known as the Coulomb blockade. When this correction is small, it enables primary electron thermometry, as it was…
We demonstrate radiofrequency thermometry on a micrometer-sized metallic island below 100 mK. Our device is based on a normal metal-insulator-superconductor tunnel junction coupled to a resonator with transmission readout. In the first…