Related papers: Continuous decoupling and freeze-out
The aim of high energy nuclear collisions is to study the transition from hadronic matter to a plasma of deconfined quarks and gluons. I review the basic questions of this search and summarize recent theoretical developments in the field.
One surprising result in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is that the abundance of various particles measured in experiments is consistent with the picture that they reach chemical equilibrium at a temperature much higher than the…
Semi-analytical expressions are suggested for the temperature dependence of those combinations of transport coefficients which govern the fission process. This is based on experience with numerical calculations within the linear response…
A new experimental approach is introduced to investigate the relaxation of the nuclear deformation degrees of freedom. Highly excited fissioning systems with compact shapes and low angular momenta are produced in peripheral relativistic…
The freeze out of the expanding systems, created in relativistic heavy ion collisions, is discussed. We combine kinetic freeze out equations with Bjorken type system expansion into a unified model. The important feature of the proposed…
We report here theoretical investigations on the complexity of nuclear structure, which have been carried out in the framework of different many-body approaches, typically applied to nuclear matter and quark matter studies. The variational,…
The properties of excited nuclear matter and the quest for a phase transition which is expected to exist in this system are the subject of intensive investigations. High energy nuclear collisions between finite nuclei which lead to matter…
The (3+1)-dimensional ideal hydrodynamics is used to simulate collisions of gold nuclei with bombarding energies from 1 to 160 GeV per nucleon. The initial state is represented by two cold Lorentz-boosted nuclei. Two equations of state:…
We extend the usual treatment of two-particle momentum correlations to include the possibility of non-chaotic or correlated particle emission from the hadronic freeze-out surface in heavy-ion collisions. We adopt a modified two-particle…
Systematic trends of baryon transport, chemical freeze-out, and kinetic freeze-out in high energy nuclear collisions are presented. Further measurements of particles with heavy flavors are proposed in order to shed light on collision…
The evolution of a hadronic system after its chemical decomposition is described through a model that conserves the hadronic multiplicities to their values at chemical freeze-out. In the partition function describing the model all known…
Highly excited nuclear matter created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions possibly reaches the phase of quark deconfinement. It quickly cools down and hadronises. We explain that the process of hadronisation may likely be connected…
A theory of short-range correlations in two-nucleon removal due to elastic breakup (diffraction dissociation) on a light target is developed. Fingerprints of these correlations will appear in momentum distributions of back-to-back emission…
Dynamical and thermal characterizations of excited nuclear systems produced during the collisions between two heavy ions at intermediate incident energies are presented by means of a review of experimental and theoretical work performed in…
Fluctuations provide a powerful tool for elucidating the nature of strongly-interacting matter in the QCD phase diagram. In heavy-ion-collision systems, the net-particle number fluctuations are captured at the moment of chemical freeze-out.…
Within the one-excitation context of two identical two-level atoms interacting with a common cavity, we examine the dynamics of all bipartite one-to-other entanglements between each qubit and the remaining part of the whole system. We find…
Electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom in atom-cluster collisions are treated simultaneously and self-consistently by combining time-dependent density functional theory with classical molecular dynamics. The gradual change of the…
Freeze-out of particles across 3-dimensional space-time hypersurface with space-like normal is discussed in a simple kinetic model. The final momentum distribution of emitted particles shows a non-exponential transverse momentum spectrum,…
Nuclei undergo a phase transition in nuclear reactions according to a caloric curve determined by the amount of entropy. Here, the generation of entropy is studied in relation to the size of the nuclear system.
Within the concept of the dinuclear system (DNS), a dynamical model is proposed for describing the formation of superheavy nuclei in complete fusion reactions by incorporating the coupling of the relative motion to the nucleon transfer…