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It was conjectured by Ulam that the ball has the lowest optimal packing fraction out of all convex, three-dimensional solids. Here we prove that any origin-symmetric convex solid of sufficiently small asphericity can be packed at a higher…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-08-05 Yoav Kallus

The determination of the densest packings of regular tetrahedra (one of the five Platonic solids) is attracting great attention as evidenced by the rapid pace at which packing records are being broken and the fascinating packing structures…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-18 S. Torquato , Y. Jiao

Questions surrounding the spatial disposition of particles in various condensed-matter systems continue to pose many theoretical challenges. This paper explores the geometric availability of amorphous many-particle configurations that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Torquato , F. H. Stillinger

Hard spheres are ubiquitous in condensed matter: they have been used as models for liquids, crystals, colloidal systems, granular systems, and powders. Packings of hard spheres are of even wider interest, as they are related to important…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-03-13 Giorgio Parisi , Francesco Zamponi

The densest local packings of N identical nonoverlapping spheres within a radius Rmin(N) of a fixed central sphere of the same size are obtained using a nonlinear programming method operating in conjunction with a stochastic search of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-18 A. B. Hopkins , F. H. Stillinger , S. Torquato

We analyze the general problem of determining optimally dense packings, in a Euclidean or hyperbolic space, of congruent copies of some fixed finite set of bodies. We are strongly guided by examples of aperiodic tilings in Euclidean space…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-07-11 Lewis Bowen , Charles Holton , Charles Radin , Lorenzo Sadun

In this paper we study congruent and non-congruent hyperball (hypersphere) packings of the truncated regular tetrahedron tilings. These are derived from the Coxeter simplex tilings $\{p,3,3\}$ $(7\le p \in \mathbb{N})$ and $\{5,3,3,3,3\}$…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2015-10-13 Jenő Szirmai

The present work surveys problems in $n$-dimensional space with $n$ large. Early development in the study of packing and covering in high dimensions was motivated by the geometry of numbers. Subsequent results, such as the discovery of the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2022-02-24 Gábor Fejes Tóth

In this paper we study the locally optimal geodesic ball packings with equal balls to the $\mathbf{S}^2\!\times\!\mathbf{R}$ space groups having rotation point groups and their generators are screw motions. We determine and visualize the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-07-07 Benedek Schultz , Jenő Szirmai

In \cite{Sz17-2} we proved that to each saturated congruent hyperball packing exists a decomposition of $3$-dimensional hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^3$ into truncated tetrahedra. Therefore, in order to get a density upper bound for…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-12-18 Jenő Szirmai

We revisit the densest binary sphere packings (DBSP) under the periodic boundary conditions and present an updated phase diagram, including newly found 12 putative densest structures over the $x - \alpha$ plane, where $x$ is the relative…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-02-24 Ryotaro Koshoji , Mitsuaki Kawamura , Masahiro Fukuda , Taisuke Ozaki

One of the basic problems in discrete geometry is to determine the most efficient packing of congruent replicas of a given convex set $K$ in the plane or in space. The most commonly used measure of efficiency is density. Several types of…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-08-14 András Bezdek , Włodzimierz Kuperberg

The packing of hard spheres (HS) of diameter $\sigma$ in a cylinder has been used to model experimental systems, such as fullerenes in nanotubes and colloidal wire assembly. Finding the densest packings of HS under this type of confinement,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-02-24 Lin Fu , William Steinhardt , Hao Zhao , Joshua E. S. Socolar , Patrick Charbonneau

This review describes the diversity of jammed configurations attainable by frictionless convex nonoverlapping (hard) particles in Euclidean spaces and for that purpose it stresses individual-packing geometric analysis. A fundamental feature…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-19 Salvatore Torquato , Frank H. Stillinger

Among the family of hard convex lens-shaped particles (lenses), the one with aspect ratio equal to 2/3 is `optimal' in the sense that the maximally random jammed (MRJ) packings of such lenses achieve the highest packing fraction $\phi_{\rm…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-01-01 Giorgio Cinacchi , Salvatore Torquato

In this paper, we present a new record for the densest geodesic congruent ball packing configurations in $\mathbf{H}^2\!\times\!\mathbf{R}$ geometry, generated by screw motion groups. These groups are derived from the direct product of…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-06-16 Arnasli Yahya , Jenő Szirmai

In 1900, as a part of his 18th problem, Hilbert proposed the question to determine the densest congruent (or translative) packings of a given solid, such as the unit ball or the regular tetrahedron of unit edges. Up to now, our knowledge…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-05-08 Chuanming Zong

Optimal geometrical arrangements, such as the stacking of atoms, are of relevance in diverse disciplines. A classic problem is the determination of the optimal arrangement of spheres in three dimensions in order to achieve the highest…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Amos Maritan , Cristian Micheletti , Antonio Trovato , Jayanth R. Banavar

Based on Minkowski's work on critical lattices of 3-dimensional convex bodies we present an efficient algorithm for computing the density of a densest lattice packing of an arbitrary 3-polytope. As an application we calculate densest…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ulrich Betke , Martin Henk

Four packings of hyperbolic 3-space are known to yield the optimal packing density of $0.85328\dots$. They are realized in the regular tetrahedral and cubic Coxeter honeycombs with Schl\"afli symbols $\{3,3,6 \}$ and $\{4,3,6\}$. These…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-01-15 Robert T. Kozma , Jeno Szirmai