Related papers: Gauge-Invariant Formulation of Spin-Current-Densit…
The unconventional low-lying spin excitations, recently observed in neutron scattering experiments on ${\rm Cs_2 Cu Cl_4}$, are explained with a spin liquid wave function. The dispersion relation as well as the wave vector of the…
Using the semiclassical theory of electron dynamics, we derive a gauge-invariant expression for the spin toroidization in a periodical crystal. We show that the spin toroidization is comprised of two contributions: one is due to the…
We investigate gauge invariance against phase space shifting in nonequilibrium systems, as represented by time-dependent many-body Hamiltonians that drive an initial ensemble out of thermal equilibrium. The theory gives rise to gauge…
The influence of acceleration and rotation on spintronic applications is theoretically investigated. In our formulation, considering a Dirac particle in a non-inertial frame, different spin related aspects are studied. The spin current…
Starting from classical vortex fluctuation picture, we study the single electron properties in the pseudogap regime. We show that it is the gauge invariant Green function of spinon which is directly related to ARPES data in the pseudogap…
We introduce a new form of density functional theory for the {\em ab initio} description of electronic systems in contact with a molecular liquid environment. This theory rigorously joins an electron density-functional for the electrons of…
We study the spin dynamics in the presence of impurity and electron-electron (e-e) scattering in a III-V semiconductor quantum well with arbitrary spin-orbit coupling (SOC) strength and symmetry at finite temperature. We derive the coupled…
I point out two of the subtleties referred to in the title. The first is that gauge-invariant magnetic systems may realized under general circumstances, as suggested by a simple theorem. The second subtlety is that care is needed to…
We have obtained an analytic expression for the ring diagrams contribution to the correlation energy of a two dimensional electron liquid as a function of the uniform fractional spin polarization. Our results can be used to improve on the…
We present and test a new approximation for the exchange-correlation (xc) energy of Kohn-Sham density functional theory. It combines exact exchange with a compatible non-local correlation functional. The functional is by construction free…
Ground-state Kohn-Sham density functional theory provides, in principle, the exact ground-state energy and electronic spin-densities of real interacting electrons in a static external potential. In practice, the exact density functional for…
Theory of spin-charge conversion effects in spintronics are presented in terms of correlation functions of physical observables, spin and electric current. Direct and inverse spin Hall effects and spin pumping effect are studied considering…
We present an alternative to the Kohn-Sham formulation of density functional theory for the ground-state properties of strongly interacting electronic systems. The idea is to start from the limit of zero kinetic energy and systematically…
We study fundamental features of spin current in a very weakly interacting Fermi gas of $^6$Li. By creating a spin current and then reversing its flow, we demonstrate control of the spin current. This reversal is predicted by a spin vector…
We study non-perturbatively and from first principles the thermodynamics of vortices in 3d U(1) gauge+Higgs theory, or the Ginzburg-Landau model, which has frequently been used as a model for cosmological topological defect formation. We…
Although gauge invariance preserves the values of physical observables, a gauge transformation can introduce important alterations of physical interpretations. To understand this, it is first shown that a gauge transformation is not, in…
The problem of defining a gauge invariant effective potential with a strict energetic interpretation is examined in the context of spontaneously broken gauge theories. It is shown that such a potential can be defined in terms of a composite…
The wave spin of an electron can be fully characterized by the current density calculated from the exact four-spinor solution of the Dirac equation. In the excited states of the electron in a magnetic field-free quantum well, the current…
The gauging of equations method, introduced in the preceding paper, is applied to the four-dimensional integral equations describing the strong interactions of three identical relativistic particles. In this way we obtain gauge invariant…
Using density functional theory, we investigate fluctuations of the ground state energy of spin-polarized, disordered quantum dots in the metallic regime. To compare to experiment, we evaluate the distribution of addition energies and find…