Related papers: Proca equations derived from first principles
Maxwell equations (Faraday and Ampere-Maxwell laws) can be presented as a three component equation in a way similar to the two component neutrino equation. However, in this case, the electric and magnetic Gauss's laws can not be derived…
Starting from the experimental fact that a moving charge experiences the Lorentz force and applying the fundamental principles of simplicity (first order derivatives only) and linearity (superposition principle), we show that the structure…
A new relativistic description of quantum electrodynamics is presented. Guideline of the theory is the Klein-Gordon equation, which is reformulated to consider spin effects. This is achieved by a representation of relativistic vectors with…
We show that the Gersten derivation of Maxwell equations can be generalized. It actually leads to additional solutions of `S=1 equations'. They follow directly from previous considerations by Majorana, Oppenheimer, Weinberg and Ogievetskii…
In an attempt to solve Maxwell's first order system of equations, starting from a given initial state, it is found that a consistent solution depending on the temporal evolution of the sources cannot be calculated. The well known retarded…
A connection between Maxwell's equations, Newton's laws, and the special theory of relativity is established with a derivation that begins with Newton's verbal enunciation of his first two laws. Derived equations are required to be…
New, gauge-independent, second-order Lagrangian for the motion of classical, charged test particles is proposed. It differs from the standard, gauge-dependent, first order Lagrangian by boundary terms only. A new method of deriving…
The generalized Maxwell equations including an additional scalar field are considered in the first-order formalism. The gauge invariance of the Lagrangian and equations is broken resulting the appearance of a scalar field. We find the…
We consider the Proca equation which is the Maxwell equation of electromagnetism for a massive particle, in the ultra relativistic limit using Snyder-Sidharth Hamiltonian. There is now an extra parity non-conserving term and we investigate…
Extended guiding-center Vlasov-Maxwell equations are derived under the assumption of time-dependent and inhomogeneous electric and magnetic fields that obey the standard guiding-center space-time-scale orderings. The guiding-center…
We describe a seemingly unnoticed feature of the text-book Maxwell-Lorentz system of classical electrodynamics which challenges its formulation in terms of an initial value problem. For point-charges, even after appropriate renormalization,…
It is shown that, in contrast to the generally accepted opinion, there exist first order equations for the scalar bosons. Such equations are proposed below. They are similar to the Proca equations and Maxwell equations for the vector…
The first order form of a Maxwell theory and U(1) gauge theory in which a gauge invariant mass term appears is analyzed using the Dirac procedure. The form of the gauge transformation which leaves the action invariant is derived from the…
We numerically construct a five-dimensional Proca-Maxwell system coupled to an infinite tower of higher-derivative gravity, parameterized by the correction order and coupling constant. While the first-order correction case recovers standard…
On the basis of the first principle -- the law of probability conservation and the Helmholtz decomposition theorem the authors have succeeded to construct the Schr\"odinger, Pauli, Dirac equation, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and the…
We derive the Klein--Gordon equation for a single scalar field coupled to gravity at second order in perturbation theory and leading order in slow-roll. This is done in two ways: we derive the Klein--Gordon equation first using the Einstein…
The perturbation of the Dirac sea to first order in the external potential is calculated in an expansion around the light cone. It is shown that the perturbation consists of a causal contribution, which describes the singular behavior of…
We present a method for reducing the order of ordinary differential equations satisfying a given scaling relation (Majorana scale-invariant equations). We also develop a variant of this method, aimed to reduce the degree of non-linearity of…
In the first sections of this article, we discuss two variations on Maxwell's equations that have been introduced in earlier work--a class of nonlinear Maxwell theories with well-defined Galilean limits (and correspondingly generalized…
The generalized Maxwell equations are considered which include an additional gradient term. Such equations describe massless particles possessing spins one and zero. We find and investigate the matrix formulation of the first order of…