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Motivated by recent interest in permutation arrays, we introduce and investigate the more general concept of frequency permutation arrays (FPAs). An FPA of length n=m lambda and distance d is a set T of multipermutations on a multiset of m…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sophie Huczynska , Gary L. Mullen

An (n,d) permutation array (PA) is a set of permutations of length n with the property that the distance (under some metric) between any two permutations in the array is at least d. They became popular recently for communication over power…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-07-16 Torleiv Kløve , Te-Tsung Lin , Shi-Chun Tsai , Wen-Guey Tzeng

A permutation array(or code) of length $n$ and distance $d$, denoted by $(n,d)$ PA, is a set of permutations $C$ from some fixed set of $n$ elements such that the Hamming distance between distinct members $\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y}\in C$ is at…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-01-28 Lizhen Yang , Ling Dong , Kefei Chen

A permutation array(permutation code, PA) of length $n$ and distance $d$, denoted by $(n,d)$ PA, is a set of permutations $C$ from some fixed set of $n$ elements such that the Hamming distance between distinct members…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-01-28 Lizhen Yang , Kefei Chen , Luo Yuan

Let $S_n^\lambda$ be the set of all permutations over the multiset $\{\overbrace{1,...,1}^{\lambda},...,\overbrace{m,...,m}^\lambda\}$ where $n=m\lambda$. A frequency permutation array (FPA) of minimum distance $d$ is a subset of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-02-16 Min-Zheng Shieh , Shi-Chun Tsai

We investigate retransmission permutation arrays (RPAs) that are motivated by applications in overlapping channel transmissions. An RPA is an $n\times n$ array in which each row is a permutation of ${1, ..., n}$, and for $1\leq i\leq n$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-05 Ian M. Wanless , Xiande Zhang

The Ulam distance of two permutations on $[n]$ is $n$ minus the length of their longest common subsequence. In this paper, we show that for every $\varepsilon>0$, there exists some $\alpha>0$, and an infinite set $\Gamma\subseteq…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Elazar Goldenberg , Mursalin Habib , Karthik C. S

A permutation array $A$ is a set of permutations on a finite set $\Omega$, say of size $n$. Given distinct permutations $\pi, \sigma\in \Omega$, we let $hd(\pi, \sigma) = |\{ x\in \Omega: \pi(x) \ne \sigma(x) \}|$, called the Hamming…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-12 Sergey Bereg , Zevi Miller , Luis Gerardo Mojica , Linda Morales , I. H. Sudborough

Permutation codes, in the form of rank modulation, have shown promise for applications such as flash memory. One of the metrics recently suggested as appropriate for rank modulation is the Ulam metric, which measures the minimum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-17 Justin Kong , Manabu Hagiwara

Frequency diverse arrays (FDA) have attracted sustained interest as a promising architecture for introducing range-dependent responses into array systems. Unlike conventional phased arrays (PA), whose transmit behavior is primarily…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Bang Huang , Sajid Ahmed , Wenkai Jia , Mohamed-Slim Alouini , Wen-QinWang

In the phased-array radar (PAR) signals from each antenna are transmitted at the same carrier frequency, which yields narrowly focused only angle dependent beampattern. In contrast, in the frequency-diverse-array (FDA) radar signals from…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-24 Muhammad Zubair , Sajid Ahmed , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

A frequency-diverse array (FDA) is an alternative array architecture in which each antenna is preceded by a mixer instead of a phase shifter. The mixers introduce a frequency offset between signals transmitted by each antenna, resulting in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Marcin Wachowiak , André Bourdoux , Sofie Pollin

The idea of frequency diverse array (FDA) has been invigorated in the recent years by supposing to have the ability of stopping the electromagnetic wave propagation and producing secretive direct connections between distant points. However,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-12 Mahdi Fartookzadeh

Frequency diverse array (FDA) is a promising antenna technology to achieve physical layer security by varying the frequency of each antenna at the transmitter. However, when the channels of the legitimate user and eavesdropper are highly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-01 Zihao Cheng , Jiangbo Si , Zan Li , Pengpeng Liu , Yangchao Huang , Naofal Al-Dhahir

We introduce twisted permutation codes, which are frequency permutation arrays analogous to repetition permutation codes, namely, codes obtained from the repetition construction applied to a permutation code. In particular, we show that a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-24 Neil I. Gillespie , Cheryl E. Praeger , Pablo Spiga

Twisted permutation codes, introduced recently by the second and third authors, are frequency permutation arrays. They are similar to repetition permutation codes, in that they are obtained by a repetition construction applied to a smaller…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Marzieh Akbari , Neil I. Gillespie , Cheryl E. Praeger

In this paper, we propose a new type of array antenna, termed the Random Frequency Diverse Array (RFDA), for an uncoupled indication of target direction and range with low system complexity. In RFDA, each array element has a narrow…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Yimin Liu , Hang Ruan , Lei Wang , Arye Nehorai

Let M(n, d) be the maximum size of a permutation array on n symbols with pairwise Hamming distance at least d. We use various combinatorial, algebraic, and computational methods to improve lower bounds for M(n, d). We compute the Hamming…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-10-03 Sergey Bereg , Avi Levy , I. Hal Sudborough

Shannon Entropy is the preeminent tool for measuring the level of uncertainty (and conversely, information content) in a random variable. In the field of communications, entropy can be used to express the information content of given…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Bill Kay , Audun Myers , Thad Boydston , Emily Ellwein , Cameron Mackenzie , Iliana Alvarez , Erik Lentz

Permutation patterns-based approaches, such as permutation entropy (PerEn), have been widely and successfully used to analyze data. However, these methods have two main shortcomings. First, when a series is symbolized based on permutation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-04 Hamed Azami , Javier Escudero
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