Frequency Diverse Array OFDM Transmit System with Partial Overlap in Frequency

A frequency-diverse array (FDA) is an alternative array architecture in which each antenna is preceded by a mixer instead of a phase shifter. The mixers introduce a frequency offset between signals transmitted by each antenna, resulting in a time-varying beam pattern. However, time-dependent beamforming is not desirable for communication or sensing. In this paper, the FDA is combined with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. The proposed beamforming method partitions the OFDM symbol transmitted by all antennas into subcarrier blocks, which carry the same data but are precoded differently. The frequency offset between the antennas is equal to the subcarrier block width. Consequently, each antenna transmits a differently precoded subcarrier block at the center frequency, resulting in overlap and coherent summation of the blocks. Proposed architecture enables fully digital beamforming over a single block while requiring only a single digital-to-analog converter. The system's performance and tradeoffs are investigated in the context of joint communication and sensing.