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Density regression characterizes the conditional density of the response variable given the covariates, and provides much more information than the commonly used conditional mean or quantile regression. However, it is often computationally…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-15 Yunlu Chen , Nan Zhang

This paper introduces a kernel discrepancy-based framework for rerandomization to enhance the precision of causal inference in controlled experiments. We demonstrate that the kernel discrepancy is the key part of the variance upper bound…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-05 Yiou Li , Lulu Kang

Moment restrictions and their conditional counterparts emerge in many areas of machine learning and statistics ranging from causal inference to reinforcement learning. Estimators for these tasks, generally called methods of moments, include…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Heiner Kremer , Yassine Nemmour , Bernhard Schölkopf , Jia-Jie Zhu

When modeling a probability distribution with a Bayesian network, we are faced with the problem of how to handle continuous variables. Most previous work has either solved the problem by discretizing, or assumed that the data are generated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-02-21 George H. John , Pat Langley

Modal regression is aimed at estimating the global mode (i.e., global maximum) of the conditional density function of the output variable given input variables, and has led to regression methods robust against heavy-tailed or skewed noises.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-21 Hiroaki Sasaki , Tomoya Sakai , Takafumi Kanamori

This paper introduces the kernel mixture network, a new method for nonparametric estimation of conditional probability densities using neural networks. We model arbitrarily complex conditional densities as linear combinations of a family of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-22 Luca Ambrogioni , Umut Güçlü , Marcel A. J. van Gerven , Eric Maris

The ultimate goal of regression analysis is to obtain information about the conditional distribution of a response given a set of explanatory variables. This goal is, however, seldom achieved because most established regression models only…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-13 Torsten Hothorn , Thomas Kneib , Peter Bühlmann

In supervised learning, the output variable to be predicted is often represented as a function, such as a spectrum or probability distribution. Despite its importance, functional output regression remains relatively unexplored. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-19 Minoru Kusaba , Megumi Iwayama , Ryo Yoshida

Given points $p_1, \dots, p_n$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$, how do we find a point $x$ which maximizes $\frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n e^{-\|p_i - x\|^2}$? In other words, how do we find the maximizing point, or mode of a Gaussian kernel density estimation…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Jasper C. H. Lee , Jerry Li , Christopher Musco , Jeff M. Phillips , Wai Ming Tai

The increased availability of massive data sets provides a unique opportunity to discover subtle patterns in their distributions, but also imposes overwhelming computational challenges. To fully utilize the information contained in big…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-12 Stanislav Volgushev , Shih-Kang Chao , Guang Cheng

Distribution-on-distribution regression considers the problem of formulating and estimating a regression relationship where both covariate and response are probability distributions. The optimal transport distributional regression model…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-06 Laya Ghodrati , Victor M. Panaretos

We propose a framework for hypothesis testing on conditional probability distributions, which we then use to construct statistical tests of functionals of conditional distributions. These tests identify the inputs where the functionals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Pierre-François Massiani , Christian Fiedler , Lukas Haverbeck , Friedrich Solowjow , Sebastian Trimpe

Empirical data can often be considered as samples from a set of probability distributions. Kernel methods have emerged as a natural approach for learning to classify these distributions. Although numerous kernels between distributions have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Oleksii Kachaiev , Stefano Recanatesi

The problem of learning functions over spaces of probabilities - or distribution regression - is gaining significant interest in the machine learning community. A key challenge behind this problem is to identify a suitable representation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-20 Dimitri Meunier , Massimiliano Pontil , Carlo Ciliberto

Compared to the conditional mean as a simple point estimator, the conditional density function is more informative to describe the distributions with multi-modality, asymmetry or heteroskedasticity. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-22 Yiping Guo , Howard D. Bondell

This paper considers the problem of kernel regression and classification with possibly unobservable response variables in the data, where the mechanism that causes the absence of information is unknown and can depend on both predictors and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-07 Majid Mojirsheibani , William Pouliot , Andre Shakhbandaryan

In this paper we propose a variable bandwidth kernel regression estimator for $i.i.d.$ observations in $\mathbb{R}^2$ to improve the classical Nadaraya-Watson estimator. The bias is improved to the order of $O(h_n^4)$ under the condition…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-14 Janet Nakarmi , Hailin Sang , Lin Ge

Comparing conditional distributions is a fundamental challenge in statistics and machine learning, with applications across a wide range of domains. While proposed methods for measuring discrepancies using kernel embeddings of distributions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-05 Peter Moskvichev , Siu Lun Chau , Dino Sejdinovic

The celebrated Nadaraya-Watson kernel estimator is among the most studied method for nonparametric regression. A classical result is that its rate of convergence depends on the number of covariates and deteriorates quickly as the dimension…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-28 Daniel Conn , Gang Li

The goal of regression analysis is to predict the value of a numeric outcome variable y given a vector of joint values of other (predictor) variables x. Usually a particular x-vector does not specify a repeatable value for y, but rather a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-29 Jerome H. Friedman