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We study the m-Eternal Domination problem, which is the following two-player game between a defender and an attacker on a graph: initially, the defender positions k guards on vertices of the graph; the game then proceeds in turns between…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Tiziana Calamoneri , Federico Corò , Neeldhara Misra , Saraswati G. Nanoti , Giacomo Paesani

Given a graph G and an integer k, two players take turns coloring the vertices of G one by one using k colors so that neighboring vertices get different colors. The first player wins iff at the end of the game all the vertices of G are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-07-04 Tom Bohman , Alan Frieze , Benny Sudakov

We study the vertex pursuit game of \emph{Cops and Robbers}, in which cops try to capture a robber on the vertices of the graph. The minimum number of cops required to win on a given graph $G$ is called the cop number of $G$. We focus on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-06-12 Noga Alon , Pawel Pralat

The Gram dimension $\gd(G)$ of a graph is the smallest integer $k \ge 1$ such that, for every assignment of unit vectors to the nodes of the graph, there exists another assignment of unit vectors lying in $\oR^k$, having the same inner…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-04 Monique Laurent , Antonios Varvitsiotis

The classical (parallel) black pebbling game is a useful abstraction which allows us to analyze the resources (space, space-time, cumulative space) necessary to evaluate a function $f$ with a static data-dependency graph $G$. Of particular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-13 Jeremiah Blocki , Blake Holman , Seunghoon Lee

The semi-random graph process is a single-player game that begins with an empty graph on $n$ vertices. In each round, a vertex $u$ is presented to the player independently and uniformly at random. The player then adaptively selects a vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Natalie C. Behague , Trent G. Marbach , Pawel Pralat , Andrzej Rucinski

Coloring a graph $G$ consists in finding an assignment of colors $c: V(G)\to\{1,\ldots,p\}$ such that any pair of adjacent vertices receives different colors. The minimum integer $p$ such that a coloring exists is called the chromatic…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Théo Pierron

In the Maker-Breaker resolving game, two players named Resolver and Spoiler alternately select unplayed vertices of a given graph $G$. The aim of Resolver is to select all the vertices of some resolving set of $G$, while Spoiler aims to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Savitha K S , Sandi Klavžar , Tijo James

The numbers game is a one-player game played on a finite simple graph with certain "amplitudes" assigned to its edges and with an initial assignment of real numbers to its nodes. The moves of the game successively transform the numbers at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-31 Robert G. Donnelly

Maker-Breaker total domination game in graphs is introduced as a natural counterpart to the Maker-Breaker domination game recently studied by Duch\^ene, Gledel, Parreau, and Renault. Both games are instances of the combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-04 Valentin Gledel , Michael A. Henning , Vesna Iršič , Sandi Klavžar

We investigate a two player game called the $K^4$-building game: two players alternately claim edges of an infinite complete graph. Each player's aim is to claim all six edges on some vertex set of size four for themself. The first player…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Nathan Bowler , Florian Gut

A pile-scramble shuffle is one of the most effective shuffles in card-based cryptography. Indeed, many card-based protocols are constructed from pile-scramble shuffles. This article aims to study the power of pile-scramble shuffles. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Kengo Miyamoto , Kazumasa Shinagawa

The Stackelberg Minimum Spanning Tree Game is a two-level combinatorial pricing problem played on a graph representing a network. Its edges are colored either red or blue, and the red edges have a given fixed cost, representing the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-24 Jean Cardinal , Erik D. Demaine , Samuel Fiorini , Gwenaël Joret , Ilan Newman , Oren Weimann

In chomp on graphs, two players alternatingly pick an edge or a vertex from a graph. The player that cannot move any more loses. The questions one wants to answer for a given graph are: Which player has a winning strategy? Can a explicit…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-19 Ignacio García-Marco , Kolja Knauer , Luis Pedro Montejano

We define the Sign Game as a two-player game played on a simple undirected mathematical graph $G$. The players alternate turns, assigning vertices of $G$ either $1$ or $-1$, and edges take on the value of the product of their endvertices.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Liz Blum , Lily Brustkern , Rosetta Hawkins , Neil R. Nicholson , Ranjan Rohatgi

Graph burning is a simple model for the spread of social influence in networks. The objective is to measure how quickly a fire (e.g., a piece of fake news) can be spread in a network. The burning process takes place in discrete rounds. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-05 Shahin Kamali , Avery Miller , Kenny Zhang

We introduce and study Maker/Breaker-type positional games on random graphs. Our main concern is to determine the threshold probability $p_{F}$ for the existence of Maker's strategy to claim a member of $F$ in the unbiased game played on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Milos Stojakovic , Tibor Szabo

A hypergraph $G=(V,E)$ is $(k,\ell)$-sparse if no subset $V'\subset V$ spans more than $k|V'|-\ell$ hyperedges. We characterize $(k,\ell)$-sparse hypergraphs in terms of graph theoretic, matroidal and algorithmic properties. We extend…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Ileana Streinu , Louis Theran

We consider the chessboard pebbling problem analyzed by Chung, Graham, Morrison and Odlyzko [3]. We study the number of reachable configurations $G(k)$ and a related double sequence $G(k,m)$. Exact expressions for these are derived, and we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-09-30 Qiang Zhen , Charles Knessl

The bandwidth of a graph G is the minimum of the maximum difference between adjacent labels when the vertices have distinct integer labels. We provide a polynomial algorithm to produce an optimal bandwidth labeling for graphs in a special…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Le Tu Quoc Hung , Maciej M. Syslo , Margaret L. Weaver , Douglas B. West