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Cross-validation (CV) is routinely used across the sciences to select models and tune parameters, and the resulting choices are often interpreted as substantive scientific conclusions (e.g., which variables, mechanisms, or risk factors are…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-03 Kenichiro McAlinn , Kōsaku Takanashi

Cross-validation (CV) is a popular approach for assessing and selecting predictive models. However, when the number of folds is large, CV suffers from a need to repeatedly refit a learning procedure on a large number of training datasets.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-12 Ashia Wilson , Maximilian Kasy , Lester Mackey

We conduct a non asymptotic study of the Cross Validation (CV) estimate of the generalization risk for learning algorithms dedicated to extreme regions of the covariates space. In this Extreme Value Analysis context, the risk function…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-12 Anass Aghbalou , Patrice Bertail , François Portier , Anne Sabourin

The asymptotic optimality (a.o.) of various hyper-parameter estimators with different optimality criteria has been studied in the literature for regularized least squares regression problems. The estimators include e.g., the maximum…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-28 Biqiang Mu , Tianshi Chen , Lennart Ljung

In recent decades, multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP) has surged in popularity for population inference. However, the validity of the estimates can depend on details of the model, and there is currently little research on…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-07 Swen Kuh , Lauren Kennedy , Qixuan Chen , Andrew Gelman

For a large class of regularized models, leave-one-out cross-validation can be efficiently estimated with an approximate leave-one-out formula (ALO). We consider the problem of adjusting hyperparameters so as to optimize ALO. We derive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-23 Ryan Burn

Although the leave-subject-out cross-validation (CV) has been widely used in practice for tuning parameter selection for various nonparametric and semiparametric models of longitudinal data, its theoretical property is unknown and solving…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-02-20 Ganggang Xu , Jianhua Z. Huang

Cross-validation (CV) is a widely-used method of predictive assessment based on repeated model fits to different subsets of the available data. CV is applicable in a wide range of statistical settings. However, in cases where data are not…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-23 Alex Cooper , Aki Vehtari , Catherine Forbes

The out-of-sample error (OO) is the main quantity of interest in risk estimation and model selection. Leave-one-out cross validation (LO) offers a (nearly) distribution-free yet computationally demanding approach to estimate OO. Recent…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-27 Arnab Auddy , Haolin Zou , Kamiar Rahnama Rad , Arian Maleki

Comparison of competing statistical models is an essential part of psychological research. From a Bayesian perspective, various approaches to model comparison and selection have been proposed in the literature. However, the applicability of…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-28 Riko Kelter

Recently, new methods for model assessment, based on subsampling and posterior approximations, have been proposed for scaling leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO) to large datasets. Although these methods work well for estimating predictive…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-12 Måns Magnusson , Michael Riis Andersen , Johan Jonasson , Aki Vehtari

Cross-validation (CV) is often used to select the regularization parameter in high dimensional problems. However, when applied to the sparse modeling method Lasso, CV leads to models that are unstable in high-dimensions, and consequently…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-10-28 Chinghway Lim , Bin Yu

Cross-validation is a common method for estimating the predictive performance of machine learning models. In a data-scarce regime, where one typically wishes to maximize the number of instances used for training the model, an approach…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-25 George I. Austin , Itsik Pe'er , Tal Korem

Standard techniques such as leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) might not be suitable for evaluating the predictive performance of models incorporating structured random effects. In such cases, the correlation between the training and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-21 A. Adin , E. Krainski , A. Lenzi , Z. Liu , J. Martínez-Minaya , H. Rue

In this article we prove that estimator stability is enough to show that leave-one-out cross validation is a sound procedure, by providing concentration bounds in a general framework. In particular, we provide concentration bounds beyond…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-17 Benny Avelin , Lauri Viitasaari

For linear models that may have asymmetric errors, we study variable selection by cross-validation. The data are split into training and validation sets, with the number of observations in the validation set much larger than in the training…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-16 Bilel Bousselmi , Gabriela Ciuperca

The future predictive performance of a Bayesian model can be estimated using Bayesian cross-validation. In this article, we consider Gaussian latent variable models where the integration over the latent values is approximated using the…

Computation · Statistics 2016-08-09 Aki Vehtari , Tommi Mononen , Ville Tolvanen , Tuomas Sivula , Ole Winther

Leave-one-out (LOO) prediction provides a principled, data-dependent measure of generalization, yet guarantees in fully transductive settings remain poorly understood beyond specialized models. We introduce Median of Level-Set Aggregation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jian Qian , Jiachen Xu

Risk estimation is at the core of many learning systems. The importance of this problem has motivated researchers to propose different schemes, such as cross validation, generalized cross validation, and Bootstrap. The theoretical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-19 Ji Xu , Arian Maleki , Kamiar Rahnama Rad , Daniel Hsu

In many applications, we have access to the complete dataset but are only interested in the prediction of a particular region of predictor variables. A standard approach is to find the globally best modeling method from a set of candidate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-21 Jiawei Zhang , Jie Ding , Yuhong Yang