Related papers: A strict non-standard inequality .999... < 1

We consider the Sobolev (Bessel potential) spaces H^ell(R^d, C), and their standard norms || ||_ell (with ell integer or noninteger). We are interested in the unknown sharp constant K_{ell m n d} in the inequality || f g ||_{ell} \leqs…

Neutrices are additive subgroups of a nonstandard model of the real numbers. An external number is the algebraic sum of a nonstandard real number and a neutrix. Due to the stability by some shifts, external numbers may be seen as…

We introduce and study the number of tilings of unit height rectangles with irrational tiles. We prove that the class of sequences of these numbers coincides with the class of diagonals of N-rational generating functions and a class of…

Two infinite sequences A and B of non-negative integers are called additive complements, if their sum contains all sufficiently large integers. Let $A(x)$ and $B(x)$ be the counting functions of A and B. In this paper, we extend the results…

For two given nonnegative integers $h$ and $k$, an $L(h,k)$-edge labeling of a graph $G$ is the assignment of labels $\{0,1, \cdots, n\}$ to the edges so that two edges having a common vertex are labeled with difference at least $h$ and two…

We examine an argument of Reeder suggesting that the nilpotent infinitesimals in Paolo Giordano's ring extension of the real numbers $^{\bullet}\mathbb{R}$ are smaller than any infinitesimal hyperreal number from Abraham Robinson's…

Is it possible to distinguish algebraic from transcendental real numbers by considering the $b$-ary expansion in some base $b\ge2$? In 1950, \'E. Borel suggested that the answer is no and that for any real irrational algebraic number $x$…

This is a Research and Instructional Development Project from the U. S. Naval Academy. In this monograph, the basic methods of nonstandard analysis for n-dimensional Euclidean spaces are presented. Specific rules are deveoped and these…

For a projective variety $X$ defined over a non-Archimedean complete non-trivially valued field $k$, and a semipositive metrized line bundle $(L, \phi)$ over it, we establish a metric extension result for sections of $L^{\otimes n}$ from a…

The infinite numbers of the set M of finite and infinite natural numbers are defined starting from the sequence 0\Phi, where 0 is the first natural number, \Phi is a succession of symbols S and xS is the successor of the natural number x.…

We show that for any sequence $f: {\bf N} \to \{-1,+1\}$ taking values in $\{-1,+1\}$, the discrepancy $$ \sup_{n,d \in {\bf N}} \left|\sum_{j=1}^n f(jd)\right| $$ of $f$ is infinite. This answers a question of Erd\H{o}s. In fact the…

We describe an inequality of finite or infinite sequences of real numbers and their quotients. More precisely, we compare the quotient of H\"older functionals of two sequences of numbers with the sum of their quotients. In the last section…

We construct the base $2$ expansion of an absolutely normal real number $x$ so that, for every integer $b$ greater than or equal to $2$, the discrepancy modulo $1$ of the sequence $(b^0 x, b^1 x, b^2 x , \ldots)$ is essentially the same as…

We consider the set of points in projective $n$-space that generate an extension of degree $e$ over given number field $k$, and deduce an asymptotic formula for the number of such points of absolute height at most $X$, as $X$ tends to…

This note has two principal aims: to portray an essence of Non-Standard Analysis as a particular structure (which we call lim-rim), noting its interplay with the notion of ultrapower, and to present a construction of Non-Standard Analysis,…

Let A(q,n,d) denote the maximum size of a q-ary code of length n and distance d. We study the minimum asymptotic redundancy \rho(q,n,d)=n-log_q A(q,n,d) as n grows while q and d are fixed. For any d and q<=d-1, long algebraic codes are…

We extend a result of Han\v{c}l, Kolouch and Nair on the irrationality and transcendence of continued fractions. We show that for a sequence $\{\alpha_n\}$ of algebraic integers of bounded degree, each attaining the maximum absolute value…

For $\alpha>1$ we represent a real number in $(0,1]$ in the form \[ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty}(\alpha-1)^{i-1}\alpha^{-(d_{1}+\dots+d_{i})}\] with $d_{i}\in\mathbb{N}$. We discuss ergodic theoretical and dimension theoretical aspects of this…

For any $s\in (1/2,1]$, the series$F_s(x)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} e^{i\pi n^2 x}/n^s$ converges almost everywhere on $[-1,1]$ by a result of Hardy-Littlewood, but not everywhere. However, there does not yet exist an intrinsic description of the…

This work solves an open question in finite-state compressibility posed by Lutz and Mayordomo about compressibility of real numbers in different bases. Finite-state compressibility, or equivalently, finite-state dimension, quantifies the…