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According to the so-called ``Quantum Darwinist'' approach, the emergence of ``classical islands'' from a quantum background is assumed to obey a (selection) principle of maximal information. We illustrate this idea by considering the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-16 Thomas Durt

Quantum physics is a linear theory, so it is somewhat puzzling that it can underlie very complex systems such as digital computers and life. This paper investigates how this is possible. Physically, such complex systems are necessarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 George F R Ellis

We propose a {\it quantum-like} (QL) model of the functioning of the brain. It should be sharply distinguished from the reductionist {\it quantum} model. By the latter cognition is created by {\it physical quantum processes} in the brain.…

General Physics · Physics 2010-11-30 Andrei Khrennikov

In this work, we present a logical formalism for reasoning about quantum systems in finite dimension. Contrary to the usual approach in quantum logic, our formalism is based classical first-order logic, which allows us to use the tools of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Olivier Brunet

We argue about a conceptual approach to quantum formalism. Starting from philosophical conjectures (Platonism, Idealism and Realism) as basic ontic elements (namely: math world, data world, and state of matter), we will analyze the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Helen Lynn , Michele Caponigro

In the present article we use the quantum formalism to describe the process of choice under rational ignorance. We consider as a basic task a question or an issue where the only answers are 0 and 1. We show that under rational ignorance the…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Riccardo Franco

We provide an overview of the results we have attained in the last decade on the identification of quantum structures in cognition and, more specifically, in the formalization and representation of natural concepts. We firstly discuss the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Diederik Aerts , Sandro Sozzo

We present a general logical framework for reasoning about agents' cognitive attitudes of both epistemic type and motivational type. We show that it allows us to express a variety of relevant concepts for qualitative decision theory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Emiliano Lorini

We describe the development of a course of quantum mechanics for secondary school designed to address the challenges related to the revision of classical knowledge, to the building of a well-organized knowledge structure on the discipline,…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-02-21 Giacomo Zuccarini , Marisa Michelini

Memory is the fundamental form of temporal complexity: when present but uncontrollable, it manifests as non-Markovian noise; conversely, if controllable, memory can be a powerful resource for information processing. Memory effects arise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-07 Philip Taranto , Marco Túlio Quintino , Mio Murao , Simon Milz

In quantum game theory, one of the most intriguing and important questions is, "Is it possible to get quantum advantages without any modification of the classical game?" The answer to this question so far has largely been negative. So far,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-16 Jeongho Bang , Junghee Ryu , Marcin Pawłowski , B. S. Ham , Jinhyoung Lee

The issue of whether we make decisions freely has vexed philosophers for millennia, Resolving this is vital for solving a diverse range of problems, from the physiology of how the brain makes decisions (and how we assign moral…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Tim Palmer

There are inherent limits in classical computation for it to serve as an adequate model of human cognition. In particular, non-commutativity, while ubiquitous in physics and psychology, cannot be sufficiently handled. We propose that we…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-11-14 Hongbin Wang , Jack W. Smith , Yanlong Sun

The disjunction effect in human decision making is often taken to show that the classical law of total probability is violated, motivating quantum-like models. We re-examine this claim for the Prisoner's Dilemma disjunction effect. Under…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-25 Ryo Nasu , Yoshihiro Maruyama

In this paper we show several similarities among logic systems that deal simultaneously with deductive and quantitative inference. We claim it is appropriate to call the tasks those systems perform as Quantitative Logic Reasoning. Analogous…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Marcelo Finger

Classical limits of quantum systems are shown to lead to different conceptions of spaces different from the classical one underlying the process of quantization of such systems. The accent is put in situations where traces of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-22 Thierry Paul

The conceptual setting of quantum mechanics is subject to an ongoing debate from its beginnings until now. The consequences of the apparent differences between quantum statistics and classical statistics range from the philosophical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 C. Wetterich

We describe a representation and a set of inference methods that combine logic programming techniques with probabilistic network representations for uncertainty (influence diagrams). The techniques emphasize the dynamic construction and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 John S. Breese , Edison Tse

Classical linear wave superposition produces the appearance of interference. This observation can be interpreted in two equivalent ways: one can assume that interference is an illusion because input components remain unperturbed, or that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-17 Ghenadie N. Mardari , James A. Greenwood

A school of thought contends that human decision making exhibits quantum-like logic. While it is not known whether the brain may indeed be driven by actual quantum mechanisms, some researchers suggest that the decision logic is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-10 Alex Bocharov , Michael Freedman , Eshan Kemp , Martin Roetteler , Krysta M. Svore