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Related papers: NP vs QMA_log(2)

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We study quantum algorithms that are given access to trusted and untrusted quantum witnesses. We establish strong limitations of such algorithms, via new techniques based on Laurent polynomials (i.e., polynomials with positive and negative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-18 Scott Aaronson , Robin Kothari , William Kretschmer , Justin Thaler

We study three variants of multi-prover quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems. We first show that the class of problems that can be efficiently verified using polynomially many quantum proofs, each of logarithmic-size, is exactly MQA (also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-16 Sevag Gharibian , Jamie Sikora , Sarvagya Upadhyay

The k-local Hamiltonian problem is a natural complete problem for the complexity class QMA, the quantum analog of NP. It is similar in spirit to MAX-k-SAT, which is NP-complete for k<=2. It was known that the problem is QMA-complete for any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Julia Kempe , Alexei Kitaev , Oded Regev

This paper studies quantum Arthur-Merlin games, which are Arthur-Merlin games in which Arthur and Merlin can perform quantum computations and Merlin can send Arthur quantum information. As in the classical case, messages from Arthur to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Chris Marriott , John Watrous

We study a variant of QMA where quantum proofs have no relative phase (i.e. non-negative amplitudes, up to a global phase). If only completeness is modified, this class is equal to QMA [arXiv:1410.2882]; but if both completeness and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-26 Roozbeh Bassirian , Bill Fefferman , Kunal Marwaha

Complexity theory typically focuses on the difficulty of solving computational problems using classical inputs and outputs, even with a quantum computer. In the quantum world, it is natural to apply a different notion of complexity, namely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-07 Hugo Delavenne , François Le Gall , Yupan Liu , Masayuki Miyamoto

We study the role of perfect completeness in probabilistically checkable proof systems (PCPs) and give a new way to transform a PCP with imperfect completeness to a PCP with perfect completeness when the initial gap is a constant. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Mitali Bafna , Nikhil Vyas

We present a new way of encoding a quantum computation into a 3-local Hamiltonian. Our construction is novel in that it does not include any terms that induce legal-illegal clock transitions. Therefore, the weights of the terms in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Daniel Nagaj , Shay Mozes

Many practical problems in almost all scientific and technological disciplines have been classified as computationally hard (NP-hard or even NP-complete). In life sciences, combinatorial optimization problems frequently arise in molecular…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 H. Jose Antonio Martin

Finding a quantum computing method to solve nondeterministic polynomial time (NP)-complete problems is currently of paramount importance in quantum information science. Here an experiment is presented to demonstrate the use of Rydberg atoms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-03 Seokho Jeong , Minhyuk Kim , Minki Hhan , Jaewook Ahn

Demonstrating quantum superiority for some computational task will be a milestone for quantum technologies and would show that computational advantages are possible not only with a universal quantum computer but with simpler physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-06 Juan Miguel Arrazola , Eleni Diamanti , Iordanis Kerenidis

We find a modification to QMA where having one quantum proof is strictly less powerful than having two unentangled proofs, assuming EXP $\ne$ NEXP. This gives a new route to prove QMA(2) = NEXP that overcomes the primary drawback of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-28 Roozbeh Bassirian , Bill Fefferman , Itai Leigh , Kunal Marwaha , Pei Wu

Quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems are believed to be stronger than both their classical counterparts and ``stand-alone'' quantum computers when Arthur is assumed to operate in $\Omega(\log n)$ space. No hint of such an advantage over…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-05-14 A. C. Cem Say

Despite the fundamental role the Quantum Satisfiability (QSAT) problem has played in quantum complexity theory, a central question remains open: At which local dimension does the complexity of QSAT transition from "easy" to "hard"? Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-05 Dorian Rudolph , Sevag Gharibian , Daniel Nagaj

We prove several new results concerning the pure quantum polynomial hierarchy (pureQPH). First, we show that QMA(2) is contained in pureQSigma2, that is, two unentangled existential provers can be simulated by competing existential and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Sabee Grewal , Dorian Rudolph

We study the complexity of problems solvable in deterministic polynomial time with access to an NP or Quantum Merlin-Arthur (QMA)-oracle, such as $P^{NP}$ and $P^{QMA}$, respectively. The former allows one to classify problems more finely…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Sevag Gharibian , Dorian Rudolph

In known constructions of classical zero-knowledge protocols for NP, either of zero-knowledge or soundness holds only against computationally bounded adversaries. Indeed, achieving both statistical zero-knowledge and statistical soundness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-11 Taiga Hiroka , Tomoyuki Morimae , Ryo Nishimaki , Takashi Yamakawa

We present three contributions to the understanding of QMA with multiple provers: 1) We give a tight soundness analysis of the protocol of [Blier and Tapp, ICQNM '09], yielding a soundness gap Omega(1/N^2). Our improvement is achieved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-01 Alessandro Chiesa , Michael A. Forbes

The aim of the paper is to answer a long-standing open problem on the relationship between NP and BQP. The paper shows that BQP contains NP by proposing a BQP quantum algorithm for the MAX-E3-SAT problem which is a fundamental NP-hard…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-07-28 Ahmed Younes , Jonathan E. Rowe

We consider worst case time bounds for NP-complete problems including 3-SAT, 3-coloring, 3-edge-coloring, and 3-list-coloring. Our algorithms are based on a constraint satisfaction (CSP) formulation of these problems. 3-SAT is equivalent to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-01-21 Richard Beigel , David Eppstein