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The sensitivity of pulsar timing arrays to gravitational waves is, at some level, limited by timing noise. Red timing noise - the stochastic wandering of pulse arrival times with a red spectrum - is prevalent in slow-spinning pulsars and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-24 Paul D. Lasky , Andrew Melatos , Vikram Ravi , George Hobbs

The search for gravitational waves using Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) is a computationally expensive complex analysis that involves source-specific noise studies. As more pulsars are added to the arrays, this stage of PTA analysis will…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-28 Lorenzo Speri , Nataliya K. Porayko , Mikel Falxa , Siyuan Chen , Jonathan R. Gair , Alberto Sesana , Stephen R. Taylor

Roughly every 2-10 minutes, a pair of stellar mass black holes merge somewhere in the Universe. A small fraction of these mergers are detected as individually resolvable gravitational-wave events by advanced detectors such as LIGO and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-25 Rory Smith , Eric Thrane

Using public pulse time-of-arrival data from five pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), we search for a stationary, isotropic, and unpolarized nHz stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). This analysis is more sensitive than previous…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 Wang-Wei Yu , Bruce Allen

We analyze the signal processing required for the optimal detection of a stochastic background of gravitational radiation using laser interferometric detectors. Starting with basic assumptions about the statistical properties of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-30 Bruce Allen , Joseph D. Romano

We study the detectability of circular polarization in a stochastic gravitational wave background from various sources such as supermassive black hole binaries, cosmic strings, and inflation in the early universe with pulsar timing arrays.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-24 Ryo Kato , Jiro Soda

We provide an observation method for gravitational waves using a pulsar timing array to extend the observational frequency range up to the rotational frequency of pulsars. For this purpose, we perform an analysis of a perturbed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-04 Chan Park

Time series analysis from gravitational-wave detectors often relies on the assumption that time chunks, or frequency bins, are uncorrelated. We discuss the validity of this approximation in the context of searches for stochastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-16 Quentin Baghi , Nikolaos Karnesis , Jean-Baptiste Bayle

One of the types of signals for which the LIGO interferometric gravitational wave detectors will search is a stochastic background of gravitational radiation. We review the technique of searching for a background using the…

We describe a novel approach to the detection and parameter estimation of a non\textendash Gaussian stochastic background of gravitational waves. The method is based on the determination of relevant statistical parameters using importance…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-22 Riccardo Buscicchio , Anirban Ain , Matteo Ballelli , Giancarlo Cella , Barbara Patricelli

We estimate the sensitivity to nano-Hertz gravitational waves of pulsar timing experiments in which two highly-stable millisecond pulsars are tracked simultaneously with two neighboring radio telescopes that are referenced to the same…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-23 Massimo Tinto

Supermassive black hole binaries are one of the primary targets for gravitational wave searches using pulsar timing arrays. Gravitational wave signals from such systems are well represented by parametrized models, allowing the standard…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-25 Yan Wang , Soumya D. Mohanty , Fredrick A. Jenet

Combining information from weak sources, such as known pulsars, for gravitational wave detection, is an attractive approach to improve detection efficiency. We propose an optimal statistic for a general ensemble of signals and apply it to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-12-14 Xilong Fan , Yanbei Chen , Christopher Messenger

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) use an array of millisecond pulsars to search for gravitational waves in the nanohertz regime in pulse time of arrival data. This paper presents rigorous tests of PTA methods, examining their consistency across…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-14 Aaron D. Johnson , Patrick M. Meyers , Paul T. Baker , Neil J. Cornish , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Tyson B. Littenberg , Joseph D. Romano , Stephen R. Taylor , Michele Vallisneri , Sarah J. Vigeland , Ken D. Olum , Xavier Siemens , Justin A. Ellis , Rutger van Haasteren , Sophie Hourihane , Gabriella Agazie , Akash Anumarlapudi , Anne M. Archibald , Zaven Arzoumanian , Laura Blecha , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Bence Bécsy , J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Maria Charisi , Shami Chatterjee , Katerina Chatziioannou , Tyler Cohen , James M. Cordes , Fronefield Crawford , H. Thankful Cromartie , Kathryn Crowter , Megan E. DeCesar , Paul B. Demorest , Timothy Dolch , Brendan Drachler , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , William Fiore , Emmanuel Fonseca , Gabriel E. Freedman , Nate Garver-Daniels , Peter A. Gentile , Joseph Glaser , Deborah C. Good , Kayhan Gültekin , Ross J. Jennings , Megan L. Jones , Andrew R. Kaiser , David L. Kaplan , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Matthew Kerr , Joey S. Key , Nima Laal , Michael T. Lam , William G. Lamb , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Natalia Lewandowska , Tingting Liu , Duncan R. Lorimer , Ryan S. Lynch , Chung-Pei Ma , Dustin R. Madison , Alexander McEwen , James W. McKee , Maura A. McLaughlin , Natasha McMann , Bradley W. Meyers , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Andrea Mitridate , Cherry Ng , David J. Nice , Stella Koch Ocker , Timothy T. Pennucci , Benetge B. P. Perera , Nihan S. Pol , Henri A. Radovan , Scott M. Ransom , Paul S. Ray , Shashwat C. Sardesai , Carl Schmiedekamp , Ann Schmiedekamp , Kai Schmitz , Brent J. Shapiro-Albert , Joseph Simon , Magdalena S. Siwek , Ingrid H. Stairs , Daniel R. Stinebring , Kevin Stovall , Abhimanyu Susobhanan , Joseph K. Swiggum , Jacob E. Turner , Caner Unal , Haley M. Wahl , Caitlin A. Witt , Olivia Young

In the last decade, the use of an ensemble of radio pulsars to constrain the characteristic strain caused by a stochastic gravitational wave background has advanced the cause of detection of very low frequency gravitational waves…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-25 Bhal Chandra Joshi

Gravitational waves are a radically new way to peer into the darkest depths of the cosmos. Pulsars can be used to make direct detections of gravitational waves through precision timing. When a gravitational wave passes between a pulsar and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-28 Stephen R. Taylor

The recent compelling observation of the nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background has brought to light a new galactic arena to test gravity. In this paper, we derive a formula for the most general expression of the stochastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-12 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Guo-Chin Liu , Kin-Wang Ng

Incredible progress on the theoretical uncertainty of the spatial correlations of the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background were recently made. However, it remains to realize the impact of this theoretical uncertainty on PTA cross…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-16 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

We develop the analytic and numerical tools for data analysis of the gravitational-wave signals from spinning neutron stars for ground-based laser interferometric detectors. We study in detail the statistical properties of the optimum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-30 Piotr Jaranowski , Andrzej Krolak

Arrays of precisely-timed millisecond pulsars are used to search for gravitational waves with periods of months to decades. Gravitational waves affect the path of radio pulses propagating from a pulsar to Earth, causing the arrival times of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-13 Stephen R. Taylor