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Motivated by the discovery of several charm states exhibiting tetraquark-like characteristics at BESIII and LHCb, this study investigates the spectroscopy and decay properties of D mesons and tetraquark states with quark content…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-05-29 Chetan lodha , Manak Parmar , Ajay Kumar Rai

In this paper, we adopt an extended relativized quark model to investigate the triply-heavy tetrquarks systematically. The mass spectra are obtained by solving the four-body relativized Hamiltonian including the Coulomb potential, confining…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-09-29 Qi-Fang Lü , Dian-Yong Chen , Yu-Bing Dong , Elena Santopinto

A novel approach is introduced for obtaining precise solutions of the pairing Hamiltonian for tetraquarks, which utilizes an algebraic technique in infinite dimensions. The parameters involved in the transition phase are calibrated based on…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-08-16 Amir Jalili , Jorge Segovia , Feng Pan , Yan-An Luo

In this paper, we count the number of conjugacy and automorphism-conjugacy classes of elements of a ZM-group. The size of a conjugacy class with respect to these two equivalence relations is also counted.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Marius Tărnăuceanu

We study the non relativistic limit of the charge conjugation operation $\cal C$ in the context of the Dirac equation coupled to an electromagnetic field. The limit is well defined and, as in the relativistic case, $\cal C$, $\cal P$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Cabo , D. B. Cervantes , H. Perez Rojas , M. Socolovsky

Several states that couple to one light-meson and a heavy-charmonium are recently reported, including the $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_c(4020)$. These states cannot be interpreted within the constituent quark-model of mesons, and are good candidates…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2015-12-15 Mihajlo Kornicer

Tetraquarks, bound states composed of two quarks and two antiquarks, have been the subject of intense study but are challenging to understand from first principles. We apply variational and Green's function Monte Carlo methods to compute…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-11-05 Benoît Assi , Michael L. Wagman

We present a systematic and selfconsistent analysis of four-quark charmonium states and applied it to study compact four-quark systems and meson-meson molecules. Our results are robust and should serve to clarify the situation of charmonium…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-11-24 T. Fernandez-Carames , A. Valcarce , J. Vijande

It is argued that exotic mesons consisting of two quarks and two antiquarks are not ruled out in quantum chromodynamics with a large number $N$ of colors, as generally thought. They can come in two varieties: short-lived tetraquarks with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-15 Steven Weinberg

Inspired by the newly reported $Z_{cs}(3985)^{-}$ by the BESIII Collaboration, we systematically investigate the strange hidden-charm tetraquark systems $cs\bar{c}\bar{u}$ with two structures: meson-meson and diquark-antidiquark. Two quark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-01-05 Xin Jin , Xuejie Liu , Yaoyao Xue , Hongxia Huang , Jialun Ping

Since 2003 many charmonium-like states were observed experimentally. Especially those charged charmonium-like $Z_c$ states and bottomonium-like $Z_b$ states cannot be accommodated within the naive quark model, which are good candidates of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-01-10 Hua-Xing Chen , Wei Chen , Jun He , Xiang Liu , Shi-Lin Zhu

The full-heavy tetraquarks $cc\bar{c}\bar{b}$ and $bb\bar{b}\bar{c}$ are systematically investigated within the chiral quark model. The meson-meson structure, diquark-antidiquark structure and K-structure are considered in this work. There…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-07-26 Jing Hu , Bing-Ran He , Jia-Lun Ping

Masses of tetraquarks with two heavy quarks and open charm and bottom are calculated in the framework of the diquark-antidiquark picture in the relativistic quark model. All model parameters were regarded as fixed by previous considerations…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 D. Ebert , R. N. Faustov , V. O. Galkin , W. Lucha

Inspired by the present experimental status of charged charmonium-like states $Z_c^+$, the tetraquark states $[cu][\bar{c}\bar{d}]$ are systematically studied in a color flux-tube model with a multi-body confinement potential. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-08-16 Chengrong Deng , Jialun Ping , Hongxia Huang , Fan Wang

A number of candidate multiquark hadrons, i.e., particle resonances with substructures that are more complex than the quark-antiquark mesons and three-quark baryons that are prescribed in the textbooks, have recently been observed. In this…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2017-08-02 Stephen Lars Olsen

The quark potential model for mesons and its extension for hybrid mesons are used to study the effects of radial excitations on the masses, sizes and radial wave functions at the origin for conventional and hybrid charmonium mesons. These…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-04-21 M. Atif Sultan , Nosheen Akbar , Bilal Masud , Faisal Akram

Highlights in the search for nonconventional (non qqbar) meson states are the pi_1(1400) and pi_1(1600) exotic candidates. Should they exist, mounting theoretical arguments suggest that they are tetraquark molecular resonances excitable by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Ignacio J. General , Ping Wang , Stephen R. Cotanch , Felipe J. Llanes-Estrada

In this talk, we briefly report the investigations of the mass spectra for the $cc\bar c\bar c, bb\bar b\bar b$, $bc\bar b\bar c$ and $cc\bar b\bar b$ tetraquark states by using the QCD moment sum rule method. The calculations for the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-12-08 Wei Chen , Qi-Nan Wang , Zi-Yan Yang , Hua-Xing Chen , Xiang Liu , T. G. Steele , Shi-Lin Zhu

Using the QCD sum rule approach we study the X(4260) state assuming that it can be described by a mixed charmonium-tetraquark current with $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ quantum numbers. For the mixing angle around $\theta=(53.0 \pm 0.5)^0$, we obtain a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-12-02 R. M. Albuquerque , J. M. Dias , M. Nielsen , C. M. Zanetti

The masses of heavy tetraquarks with hidden charm and bottom are calculated in the framework of the relativistic quark model. The tetraquark is considered as the bound state of a heavy-light diquark and antidiquark. The light quark in a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 D. Ebert , R. N. Faustov , V. O. Galkin