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In this note we present explicit canonical forms for all the elements in the two-qubit CNOT-Dihedral group, with minimal numbers of controlled-S (CS) and controlled-X (CX) gates, using the generating set of quantum gates [X, T, CX, CS]. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-10 Shelly Garion , Andrew W. Cross

We have designed efficient quantum circuits for the three-qubit Toffoli (controlled-controlled NOT) and the Fredkin (controlled-SWAP) gate, optimized via genetic programming methods. The gates thus obtained were experimentally implemented…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-13 Amit Devra , Prithviraj Prabhu , Harpreet Singh , Arvind , Kavita Dorai

We experimentally demonstrate an optical controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate with arbitrary single inputs based on a 4-photon 6-qubit cluster state entangled both in polarization and spatial modes. We first generate the 6-qubit state, and then by…

The ability to perform entangling quantum operations with low error rates in a scalable fashion is a central element of useful quantum information processing. Neutral atom arrays have recently emerged as a promising quantum computing…

A CNOT circuit is the key gadget for entangling qubits in quantum computing systems. However, the qubit connectivity of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is constrained by their {limited connectivity architecture}. To improve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-03 Bujiao Wu , Xiaoyu He , Shuai Yang , Lifu Shou , Guojing Tian , Jialin Zhang , Xiaoming Sun

We present a universal scheme of pulsed operations for the IBM oscillator-stabilized flux qubit comprising the CPHASE gate, single-qubit preparations and measurements. Based on numerical simulations, we argue that the error rates for these…

Implementation of high-dimensional (HD) quantum gates shows very promising perspectives for HD quantum computation. A bipartite quantum system with arbitrary dimensions $n$ and $m$ is termed a quNit-quMit. Here we propose a synthesis scheme…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Gui-Long Jiang , Hai-Rui Wei

The Toffoli gate is an important universal quantum gate, and will alongside the Clifford gates be available in future fault-tolerant quantum computing hardware. Many quantum algorithms rely on performing arbitrarily small single-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Christoffer Hindlycke , Jakov Krnic , Jan-Åke Larsson

We employ quantum optimal control theory to realize quantum gates for two protected superconducting circuits: the heavy-fluxonium qubit and the 0-$\pi$ qubit. Utilizing automatic differentiation facilitates the simultaneous inclusion of…

Scalable quantum computation with linear optics was considered to be impossible due to the lack of efficient two-qubit logic gates, despite its ease of implementation of one-qubit gates. Two-qubit gates necessarily need a nonlinear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jonathan P. Dowling , James D. Franson , Hwang Lee , Gerald J. Milburn

We examine three possible implementations of non-deterministic linear optical cnot gates with a view to an in-principle demonstration in the near future. To this end we consider demonstrating the gates using currently available sources such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Gilchrist , W. J. Munro , A. G. White

Optimizing the size and depth of CNOT circuits is an active area of research in quantum computing and is particularly relevant for circuits synthesized from the Clifford + T universal gate set. Although many techniques exist for finding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Alan Bu , Evan Fan , Robert Sanghyeon Joo

Vigorous optimization of quantum gates has led to bipotent quantum architectures, where the optimized gates are available for some qubits but not for others. However, such gate-level improvements limit the application of user-side…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Yanjun Ji , Kathrin F. Koenig , Ilia Polian

A foundational assumption of quantum error correction theory is that quantum gates can be scaled to large processors without exceeding the error-threshold for fault tolerance. Two major challenges that could become fundamental roadblocks…

We present an algorithm for efficiently approximating of qubit unitaries over gate sets derived from totally definite quaternion algebras. It achieves $\varepsilon$-approximations using circuits of length $O(\log(1/\varepsilon))$, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-16 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Alex Bocharov , Martin Roetteler , Jon Yard

We propose a quantum algorithm which uses the number of qubits in an optimal way and efficiently simulates a physical model with rich and complex dynamics described by the quantum sawtooth map. The numerical study of the effect of static…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Giuliano Benenti , Giulio Casati , Simone Montangero , Dima L. Shepelyansky

Rapidly improving gate fidelities for coherent operations mean that errors in state preparation and measurement (SPAM) may become a dominant source of error for fault-tolerant operation of quantum computers. This is particularly acute in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Ben Barber , Neil I. Gillespie , J. M. Taylor

Multiplication is an essential step in a lot of calculations. In this paper we look at multiplication of 2 binary polynomials of degree at most $n-1$, modulo an irreducible polynomial of degree $n$ with $2n$ input and $n$ output qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-27 Iggy van Hoof

Quantum computers promise great improvements in solving problems such as factoring large integers, simulating quantum systems, and database searching. Using a photon as a quantum bit (qubit) is one of the most promising ways to realize a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kaoru Sanaka , Karin Kawahara , Takahiro Kuga

Quantum computers promise to outperform their classical counterparts at certain tasks. However, existing quantum devices are error-prone and restricted in size. Thus, effective compilation methods are crucial to exploit limited quantum…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Moritz Stargalla , Friedrich Wagner
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