Related papers: On tabulating virtual strings
We consider, in a string theory framework, physical processes of phenomenological interest in models with a low string scale. The amplitudes we study involve tree-level virtual gravitational exchange, divergent in a field-theoretical…
We investigate strings theories as defined from four dimensional gauge theories. It is argued that novel (super)string theories exist up to 26 dimensions. Some of them may support weakly curved geometries.
We show that there are five types of planar curves such that arrangements of its translates are combinatorially equivalent to an arrangement of lines. These curves can be used to define norms giving constructions with many unit distances…
For ordinary knots in R3, there are no degree one Vassiliev invariants. For virtual knots, however, the space of degree one Vassiliev invariants is infinite dimensional. We introduce a sequence of three degree one Vassiliev invariants of…
We discuss Vassiliev invariants for virtual knots, expanding upon the theory of quantum virtual knot invariants developed in arXiv:1509.00578. In particular, following the theory of quantum invariants we work with 'rotational' virtual…
In this paper, we describe the relation between the Turaev--Viro TQFT and the string-net space introduced in the papers of Levin and Wen. In particular, the case of surfaces with boundary is considered in detail.
A virtual doodle is an equivalence class of virtual diagrams under an equivalence relation generated by flat version of classical Reidemesiter moves and virtual Reidemsiter moves such that Reidemeister moves of type 3 are forbidden. In this…
Virtual knots arise in the study of Gauss diagrams and Vassiliev invariants of usual knots. Virtual braids correspond naturally to virtual knots. We consider the group of virtual braids on n strings VB_n and its Burau representation, in…
We study limits of convergent sequences of string graphs, that is, graphs with an intersection representation consisting of curves in the plane. We use these results to study the limiting behavior of a sequence of random string graphs. We…
We introduce strings in metric spaces and define string complexes of metric spaces. We describe the class of 2-dimensional topological spaces which arise in this way from finite metric spaces.
A virtual link can be understood as a link in a trivial I-bundle over an orientable compact surface with genus. A twisted virtual link is a link in a trivial I-bundle over a not-necessarily orientable compact surface. A twisted virtual…
We introduce three kinds of invariants of a virtual knot called the first, second, and third intersection polynomials. The definition is based on the intersection number of a pair of curves on a closed surface. The calculations of…
String algebras, in the usual sense, are finite-dimensional algebras over a given ground field. We recall a generalisation of the definition of a string algebra, which was introduced in a previous paper of the author. This generalisation…
A realization of a virtual link diagram is obtained by choosing over/under markings for each virtual crossing. Any realization can also be obtained from some representation of the virtual link. (A representation of a virtual link is a link…
A virtual link is a generalization of a classical link that is defined as an equivalence class of certain diagrams, called virtual link diagrams. It is further generalized to a twisted link. Twisted links are in one-to-one correspondence…
In this paper, we introduce twisted virtual doodles, defined as stable equivalence classes of immersed circles on closed surfaces that may be non-orientable. These objects admit planar representative diagrams, considered up to a suitable…
We define four different kinds of multiplicity of an invariant algebraic curve for a given polynomial vector field and investigate their relationships. After taking a closer look at the singularities and at the line of infinity, we improve…
In this paper we propose a new, more appropriate definition of regular and indeterminate strings. A regular string is one that is "isomorphic" to a string whose entries all consist of a single letter, but which nevertheless may itself…
This paper defines a theory of cobordism for virtual knots and studies this theory for standard and rotational virtual knots and links. Non-trivial examples of virtual slice knots are given. Determinations of the four-ball genus of positive…
We show that the $N=2$ superstrings may be viewed as a special class of the $N=4$ superstrings and demonstrate their equivalence. This allows us to realize all known string theories based on linear algebras and with $N<4$ supersymmetries as…