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We solve for the light-front wave functions (LFWFs) of the physical photon from the eigenvectors of the light-front quantum electrodynamics (QED) Hamiltonian with the aim to determine its bare photon and electron-positron Fock components.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-03-09 Sreeraj Nair , Chandan Mondal , Xingbo Zhao , Asmita Mukherjee , James P. Vary

Parametrized field theory (PFT) is free field theory on flat spacetime in a diffeomorphism invariant disguise. It describes field evolution on arbitrary foliations of the flat spacetime instead of only the usual flat ones, by treating the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-01-30 Madhavan Varadarajan

The paper considers quantum electrodynamics (QED) and weak interaction of elementary particles in the lower orders of the perturbation theory using nonlocal Hamiltonian in the Foldy-Wouthuysen (FW) representation. Feynman rules in the FW…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 V. P. Neznamov

In this work, we provide an overview of how well-established concepts in the fields of quantum chemistry and material sciences have to be adapted when the quantum nature of light becomes important in correlated matter-photon problems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-12 Johannes Flick , Michael Ruggenthaler , Heiko Appel , Angel Rubio

In terms of a photon wave function corresponding to the (1, 0)+(0, 1) representation of the Lorentz group, the radiation and Coulomb fields within a source-free region can be described unitedly by a Lorentz-covariant Dirac-like equation. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-26 Zhi-Yong Wang , Cai-Dong Xiong , Qi Qiu

A key question of quantum optics is how nonclassical bi-photon correlations at low power evolve into classical coherence at high-power. Direct observation of the crossover from quantum to classical behavior is desirable, but difficult due…

We investigate the meaning of the wave function by analyzing the mass and charge density distributions of a quantum system. According to protective measurement, a charged quantum system has mass and charge density distributing in space,…

General Physics · Physics 2011-07-19 Shan Gao

We present a method enabling us to write in relativistic manner the wave function of some particular two particle bound state models in quantum mechanics. The idea is to expand the bound state wave function in terms of free states and to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Micu

One and two photon wave functions are derived by projecting the quantum state vector onto simultaneous eigenvectors of the number operator and a recently constructed photon position operator [Phys. Rev A 59, 954 (1999)] that couples spin…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Margaret Hawton

We consider a reformulation of QED in which covariant Green functions are used to solve for the electromagnetic field in terms of the fermion fields. It is shown that exact few-fermion eigenstates of the resulting Hamiltonian can be…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-11-26 Jurij W. Darewych , Askold Duviryak

One can interpret the Dirac equation either as giving the dynamics for a classical field or a quantum wave function. Here I examine whether Maxwell's equations, which are standardly interpreted as giving the dynamics for the classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-30 Charles T. Sebens

Photonic quantum computation refers to quantum computation that uses photons as the physical system for doing the quantum computation. The field is largely divided between discrete-variable (DV) and continuous-variable (CV) photonic quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Jacquiline Romero , Gerard Milburn

We present a general theory to describe two-photon interference, including a formal description of few photon intereference in terms of single-photon amplitudes. With this formalism, it is possible to describe both frequency entangled and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. G. Lapaire , J. E. Sipe

We reconsider the recently proposed nonlinear QED effect of quantum reflection of photons off an inhomogeneous strong-field region. We present new results for strong fields varying both in space and time. While such configurations can give…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-04-30 Holger Gies , Felix Karbstein , Nico Seegert

The paper contains further development of the idea of field quantization introduced in M. Czachor, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. {\bf 33} (2000) 8081-8103. The formalism is extended to the relativistic domain. The link to the standard theory is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marek Czachor , Monika Syty

Time-continuous wavefunction collapse mechanisms n o t restricted to markovian approximation have been found only a few years ago, and have left many issues open. The results apply formally to the standard relativistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Lajos Diosi

Classical model of light in helicity formalism is presented. Then quantum point of view at photons -- construction and interpretation of photon wave function is proposed. Quantum mechanics of photon is investigated. The Bia\l ynicki --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Maciej Przanowski , Jaromir Tosiek , Francisco J. Turrubiates

The density-functional approach to quantum electrodynamics is extending traditional density-functional theory and opens the possibility to describe electron-photon interactions in terms of effective Kohn-Sham potentials. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-17 Johannes Flick , Michael Ruggenthaler , Heiko Appel , Angel Rubio

The mathematical content of the interaction term of quantum electrodynamics is examined under the following assumption: It is presumed that the apparent degrees-of-freedom of the photon field reflect the kinematical degrees-of-freedom of…

General Physics · Physics 2009-12-21 Walter Smilga

In near-field optics and optical tunneling theory, photon wave mechanics, i.e., the first quantized theory of the photon, allows us to address the spatial field localization problem in a flexible manner which links smoothly to classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Zhi-Yong Wang , Cai-Dong Xiong , Ole Keller