Related papers: Decrease of Entropy and Chemical Reactions
The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy production in macroscopic systems is non-negative, reaching zero only at thermodynamic equilibrium. As a corollary, this implies that the state trajectory of macroscopic systems is…
The thermodynamic limit of the internal energy and the entropy of the system of quantum interacting particles in random medium is shown to exist under the crucial requirements of stability and temperedness of interactions. The energy turns…
Realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction induce correlations to the nuclear many-body system which lead to a fragmentation of the single-particle strength over a wide range of energies and momenta. We address the question of how this…
The entropy shows an unavoidable tendency of disorder in thermostatistics according to the second thermodynamics law. This provides a minimization entropy principle for quantum thermostatistics with the von Neumann entropy and nonextensive…
The second law of thermodynamics is discussed and reformulated from a quantum information theoretic perspective for open quantum systems using relative entropy. Specifically, the relative entropy of a quantum state with respect to…
The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy increases (or does not change) by time in an isolated system. As microscopic physical laws are reversible, the origin of irreversibility is not straightforward. Although the outcome of a…
A heat engine undergoes a cyclic operation while in equilibrium with the net result of conversion of heat into work. Quantum effects such as superposition of states can improve an engine's efficiency by breaking detailed balance, but this…
The second law of nonequilibrium thermodynamics within the open system paradigm (a small system coupled to one or multiple baths) is derived. This is done by showing positivity of entropy production for arbitrary Hamiltonian dynamics for a…
A system formed by a crowded environment of catalytic obstacles and complex oscillatory chemical reactions is inquired. The obstacles are static spheres of equal radius, which are placed in a random way. The chemical reactions are carried…
Conservation laws are time-invariant properties that constrain many physical systems. For systems of chemical reactions, the law of mass conservation constrains how atoms flow between chemical species. Chemical reaction networks can display…
The paper investigates emergence of pitchfork bifurcations in the chemical systems. The systems may be split conditionally by two groups, the strong and the weak, depending upon system complexity and its potential response to the external…
We study the hydrodynamic description of collective dynamics driven by velocity {\it alignment}. It is known that such Euler alignment systems must flock towards a limiting ``flocking'' velocity, provided their solutions remain globally…
Starting from the most general formulation of stochastic thermodynamics---i.e. a thermodynamically consistent nonautonomous stochastic dynamics describing systems in contact with several reservoirs---, we define a procedure to identify the…
We study an autocatalytic system consisting of several interacting chemical species. We observe a strong dependence of the concentrations of the chemicals on the size of the system. This dependence is caused by the discrete nature of the…
The irreversible entropy increase described by the second law of thermodynamics is fundamentally tied to thermalization and the emergence of equilibrium. In the first part of our work (Ref: arXiv.2503.04152), we constructed an isolated gas…
The control of chemical reactions is a recurring theme in physics and chemistry. Traditionally, chemical reactions have been investigated by tuning thermodynamic parameters, such as temperature or pressure. More recently, physical methods…
Entropy is generated in high-multiplying events by a dynamical separation of strongly interacting systems into partons and unobservable environment modes (almost constant field configurations) due to confinement.
Isolated quantum systems follow the unitary evolution, which guarantees the full many body state always keeps a constant entropy as its initial one. In comparison, the local subsystems exhibit relaxation behavior and evolve towards certain…
Structure-forming systems are ubiquitous in nature, ranging from atoms building molecules to self-assembly of colloidal amphibolic particles. The understanding of the underlying thermodynamics of such systems remains an important problem.…
Skeptics of biological evolution often claim that evolution requires a decrease in entropy, giving rise to a conflict with the second law of thermodynamics. This argument is fallacious because it neglects the large increase in entropy…