Related papers: Transcendence of the Gaussian Liouville number and…

Liouville numbers were the first class of real numbers which were proven to be transcendental. It is easy to construct non-normal Liouville numbers. Kano and Bugeaud have proved, using analytic techniques, that there are normal Liouville…

For every positive integer $m$ LeVeque (1953) defined the $U_m$-numbers as the transcendental numbers that admit very good approximation by algebraic numbers of degree $m$, but not by those of smaller degree. In these terms, Mahler's…

In this paper, among other things, we explicit a $G_{\delta}$-dense set of Liouville numbers, for which the triple power tower of any of its elements is a transcendental number.

In the present paper and as an application of Roth's theorem concerning the rational approximation of algebraic numbers, we give a sufficient condition that will assure us that a sum, product and quotient of some series of positive rational…

Denote by $\lambda(n)$ Liouville's function concerning the parity of the number of prime divisors of $n$. Using a theorem of Allouche, Mend\`es France, and Peyri\`ere and many classical results from the theory of the distribution of prime…

It is well known that the arithmetic nature of Mills' prime-representing constant is uncertain: we do not know if Mills' constant is a rational or irrational number. In the case of other prime-representing constants, irrationality can be…

Define {\em the Liouville function for $A$}, a subset of the primes $P$, by $\lambda_{A}(n) =(-1)^{\Omega_A(n)}$ where $\Omega_A(n)$ is the number of prime factors of $n$ coming from $A$ counting multiplicity. For the traditional Liouville…

In this note, we shall prove that the sum and the product of an algebraic number $\alpha$ by the \textit{Liouville constant} $L=\sum_{j=1}^{\infty}10^{-j!}$ is a $U$-number with type equals to the degree of $\alpha$ (with respect to…

Let $k\ge 1$ be an integer. A positive integer $n$ is $k$-\textit{gleeful} if $n$ can be represented as the sum of $k$th powers of consecutive primes. For example, $35=2^3+3^3$ is a $3$-gleeful number, and $195=5^2+7^2+11^2$ is $2$-gleeful.…

In this paper, we shall prove, for any $m\geq 1$, the existence of an uncountable subset of $U$-numbers of type $\leq m$ (which we called the set of {\it $m$-ultra numbers}) for which there exists uncountably many transcendental analytic…

We give a new proof of Fatou's theorem: {\em if an algebraic function has a power series expansion with bounded integer coefficients, then it must be a rational function.} This result is applied to show that for any non--trivial completely…

We present short proofs of the transcendence of the Liouville and the Mahler numbers. The first proof is known for a long time, the second proof apparently appeared only in 2002-2003. The proofs are accessible to high-school students.

For any Liouville number $\alpha$, all of the following are transcendental numbers: $\textrm{e}^\alpha$, $\log_\textrm{e}\alpha$, $\sin \alpha$, $\cos\alpha$, $\tan\alpha$, $\sinh\alpha$, $\cosh\alpha$, $\tanh\alpha$, $\arcsin\alpha$ and…

The {\em Liouville function} is defined by $\gl(n):=(-1)^{\Omega(n)}$ where $\Omega(n)$ is the number of prime divisors of $n$ counting multiplicity. Let $\z_m:=e^{2\pi i/m}$ be a primitive $m$--th root of unity. As a generalization of…

Let $p$ be an algebraic point of a projective variety $X$ defined over a number field. Liouville inequality tells us that the norm at $p$ of a non vanishing integral global section of an hermitian line bundle over $X$ is either zero or it…

Counting the number of prime numbers up to a certain natural number and describing the asymptotic behavior of such a counting function has been studied by famous mathematicians like Gauss, Legendre, Dirichlet, and Euler. The prime number…

We use sums of Liouville type to count the number of ways a positive integer can be represented by the forms $(a+c)^{1/3}x + (b+d)y$, $(a+c)x + \bigl(k(b+d) \bigr)^{1/3} y$, and $\bigl(k(a+c) \bigr)^{1/3} x + l(b+d) y$ for nonnegative…

Let $\lambda(n)$ be the Liouville function. We study the distribution of \[ \frac{1}{x^{1/2}}\sum_{x\leq n\leq 2x}\lambda(f(n)) \] over random polynomials $f$ of fixed degree $d$ and coefficients bounded in magnitude by $H$. In particular…

We introduce a refinement of the classical Liouville function to primes in arithmetic progressions. Using this, we discover new biases in the appearances of primes in a given arithmetic progression in the prime factorizations of integers.…

In 1906, Maillet proved that given a non-constant rational function $f$, with rational coefficients, if $\xi$ is a Liouville number, then so is $f(\xi)$. Motivated by this fact, in 1984, Mahler raised the question about the existence of…