Related papers: Interference of Bose-Einstein condensates: quantum…
Additional variables (also often called ``hidden variables'') are sometimes added to standard quantum mechanics in order to remove its indeterminism or ``incompletness,'' and to make the measurement process look more classical. Here we…
When a Bose-Einstein condensate is divided into two parts, that are subsequently released and overlap, interference fringes are observed. We show here that this interference is typical, in the sense that most wave functions of the…
Interference of an array of independent Bose-Einstein condensates, whose experiment has been performed recently, is theoretically studied in detail. Even if the number of the atoms in each gas is kept finite and the phases of the gases are…
A trapped-atom interferometer was demonstrated using gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates coherently split by deforming an optical single-well potential into a double-well potential. The relative phase between the two condensates was…
Open quantum systems can be systematically controlled by making changes to their environment. A well-known example is the spontaneous radiative decay of an electronically excited emitter, such as an atom or a molecule, which is…
Every Bose-Einstein condensate is in a highly entangled state, as a consequence of the fact that the particles in a condensate are distributed over space in a coherent way. It is proved that any two regions within a condensate of finite…
We suggest an experiment to investigate the linear superposition of two spatially separated Bose-Einstein condensates. Due to the coherent combination of the two wave functions, the dynamic structure factor, measurable through inelastic…
We discuss the properties of two Bose-Einstein condensates in different spin states, represented quantum mechanically by a double Fock state. Individual measurements of the spins of the particles are performed in transverse directions…
We consider how macroscopic quantum superpositions may be created from arrays of Bose-Einstein condensates. We study a system of three condensates in Fock states, all with the same number of atoms and show that this has the form of a highly…
A method is presented that is able to predict the probability of outcomes of snapshot measurements, such as the images of the instantaneous particle density distribution in a quantum many-body system. It is shown that a gauge-like…
Particle-wave duality enables the construction of interferometers for matter waves, which complement optical interferometers in precision measurement devices. This requires the development of atom-optics analogs to beam splitters, phase…
Bose-Einstein condensation is a unique phase transition in that it is not driven by inter-particle interactions, but can theoretically occur in an ideal gas, purely as a consequence of quantum statistics. This chapter addresses the question…
Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) for Bose-Einstein condensates cannot treat phase off-diagonal effects, and thus not explain Bell inequality violations. We describe another situation that is beyond a SSB treatment: an experiment where…
The present paper outlines a basic theoretical treatment of decoherence and dephasing effects in interferometry based on single component BEC in double potential wells, where two condensate modes may be involved. Results for both two mode…
Entanglement, a key feature of quantum mechanics, is a resource that allows the improvement of precision measurements beyond the conventional bound reachable by classical means. This is known as the standard quantum limit, already defining…
Inspired by recent proposals for detecting gravitational waves by using Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), we investigate the interplay between these two phenomena. A gravitational wave induces a phase shift in the fidelity amplitude of the…
We consider two models of interacting Bose gases: a gas of spin one particles in the ground state of a cubic box and a one-dimension Bose gas with contact interactions. We show how to calculate exact eigenstates of the corresponding N-body…
Quantum superpositions of macroscopically distinguishable states having distinct phases can be created with a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a periodic potential. The experimental signature is contained in the phase distribution of the…
We investigate the quantum interference between two Bose-Einstein condensates formed in small atomic samples composed of a few thousand atoms both by imposing Bose broken gauge symmetry from the outset and also using an explicit model of…
The interplay between spontaneously broken gauge symmetries and Bose-Einstein condensation has long been controversially discussed in science, since the equation of motions are invariant under phase transformations. Within the present model…