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Related papers: An intrinsic non-triviality of graphs

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We prove that the ribbon graph polynomial of a graph embedded in an orientable surface is irreducible if and only if the embedded graph is neither the disjoint union nor the join of embedded graphs. This result is analogous to the fact that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Joanna A. Ellis-Monaghan , Andrew J. Goodall , Iain Moffatt , Steven Noble , Lluís Vena

We present evidence in support of a conjecture that a bipartite graph with at least five vertices in each part and |E(G)| \geq 4 |V(G)| - 17 is intrinsically knotted. We prove the conjecture for graphs that have exactly five or exactly six…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2008-11-04 Sophy Huck , Alexandra Appel , Miguel-Angel Manrique , Thomas W Mattman

We introduce new sufficient conditions for intrinsic knotting and linking. A graph on n vertices with at least 4n-9 edges is intrinsically linked. A graph on n vertices with at least 5n-14 edges is intrinsically knotted. We also classify…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. Campbell , T. W. Mattman , R. Ottman , J. Pyzer , M. Rodrigues , S. Williams

We classify all the maximal linklessly embeddable graphs of order 12 and show that their complements are all intrinsically knotted. We derive results about the connected domination numbers of a graph and its complement. We provide an answer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Gregory Li , Andrei Pavelescu , Elena Pavelescu

A graph is strongly perfect if every induced subgraph H has a stable set that meets every nonempty maximal clique of H. The characterization of strongly perfect graphs by a set of forbidden induced subgraphs is not known. Here we provide…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-05 Maria Chudnovsky , Cemil Dibek , Paul Seymour

It has been an open question whether the deletion or contraction of an edge in an intrinsically knotted graph always yields an intrinsically linked graph. We present a new intrinsically knotted graph that shows the answer to both questions…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Thomas W. Mattman , Ramin Naimi , Andrei Pavelescu , Elena Pavelescu

We show that for every m in N, there exists an n in N such that every embedding of the complete graph K_n in R^3 contains a link of two components whose linking number is at least m. Furthermore, there exists an r in N such that every…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-10-01 Erica Flapan

In 1930, Ramsey proved that every large graph contains either a large clique or a large edgeless graph as an induced subgraph. It is well known that every large connected graph contains a long path, a large clique, or a large star as an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Sarah Allred , M. N. Ellingham

We show that all nontrivial embeddings of planar graphs on the torus contain a nontrivial knot or a nonsplit link. This is equivalent to showing that no minimally knotted planar spatial graphs on the torus exist that contain neither a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-05-06 Senja Barthel

In this paper we are interested in an intrinsic property of graphs which is derived from their embeddings into the Euclidean 3-space $\mathbb{R}^3$. An embedding of a graph into $\mathbb{R}^3$ is said to be linear, if it sends every edge to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-06-24 Youngsik Huh , Jung Hoon Lee

An internal partition of a graph is a partitioning of the vertex set into two parts such that for every vertex, at least half of its neighbors are on its side. We prove that for every positive integer $r$, asymptotically almost every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-17 Nathan Linial , Sria Louis

A graph is intrinsically projectively linked (IPL) if its every embedding in projective space contains a nonsplit link. Some minor-minimal IPL graphs have been found previously. We determine that no minor-minimal IPL graphs on 16 edges…

We announce results about flat (linkless) embeddings of graphs in 3-space. A piecewise-linear embedding of a graph in 3-space is called {\it flat} if every circuit of the graph bounds a disk disjoint from the rest of the graph. We have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Neil Robertson , Paul Seymour , Robin Thomas

A graph is non-trivial if it contains at least one nonloop edge. The essential connectivity of $G$, denoted by $\kappa'(G)$, is the minimum number of vertices of $G$ whose removal produces a disconnected graph with at least two components…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Daoxia Zhang , Dan Li , Wenxiu Ding

A homogeneous set of an $n$-vertex graph is a set $X$ of vertices ($2\le |X|\le n-1$) such that every vertex not in $X$ is either complete or anticomplete to $X$. A graph is called prime if it has no homogeneous set. A chain of length $t$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-26 Maria Chudnovsky , Ringi Kim , Sang-il Oum , Paul Seymour

An embedding of a graph in $3$-space is linkless if for every two disjoint cycles there exists an embedded ball that contains one of the cycles and is disjoint from the other. We prove that every bipartite linklessly embeddable (simple)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Rose McCarty , Robin Thomas

A graph is circle if its vertices are in correspondence with a family of chords in a circle in such a way that every two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding chords have nonempty intersection. Even though there…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Flavia Bonomo-Braberman , Guillermo A. Durán , Nina Pardal , Martín D. Safe

In 1981, Duffus, Gould, and Jacobson showed that every connected graph either has a Hamiltonian path, or contains a claw ($K_{1,3}$) or a net (a fixed six-vertex graph) as an induced subgraph. This implies that subject to being connected,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-09 Joseph Cheriyan , Sepehr Hajebi , Zishen Qu , Sophie Spirkl

The fundamental quandle is a complete invariant for unoriented tame knots \cite{JO, Ma} and non-split links \cite{FR}. The proof involves proving a relationship between the components of the fundamental quandle and the cosets of the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Blake Mellor

We consider intrinsic linking and knotting in the context of directed graphs. We construct an example of a directed graph that contains a consistently oriented knotted cycle in every embedding. We also construct examples of intrinsically…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-12-29 Thomas Fleming , Joel Foisy