Related papers: Grainy Numbers
It is shown how Dedekind cuts can be used to introduce the extended real numbers along with sound arithmetic laws via one simple rule for the addition of sets. The crucial idea is that the use of the lower and the upper part of the cuts,…
Formal languages are sets of strings of symbols described by a set of rules specific to them. In this note, we discuss a certain class of formal languages, called regular languages, and put forward some elementary results. The properties of…
We present a new definition of non-ambiguous trees (NATs) as labelled binary trees. We thus get a differential equation whose solution can be described combinatorially. This yields a new formula for the number of NATs. We also obtain…
Most existing fuzzy set methods use points as their input, which is the finest granularity from the perspective of granular computing. Consequently, these methods are neither efficient nor robust to label noise. Therefore, we propose a…
Many engineering optimization problems can be considered as linear programming problems where all or some of the parameters involved are linguistic in nature. These can only be quantified using fuzzy sets. The aim of this paper is to solve…
In this article we investigate a way in which quantum computing can be used to extend the class of fuzzy sets. The core idea is to see states of a quantum register as characteristic functions of quantum fuzzy subsets of a given set. As the…
Gap balancing numbers are a certain generalization of balancing and cobalancing numbers that arise from studying the equation ${T(L)+T(B)=T(m)}$ where $T(i)$ is the $i$th triangular number. In this paper, we survey early results, attempt to…
We consider fuzzy valued functions from two parametric representations of $\alpha$-level sets. New concepts are introduced and compared with available notions. Following the two proposed approaches, we study fuzzy differential equations.…
We study sums of arithmetic functions, defined on Gaussian integers and taken over those pairs of integers whose coordinates give rise to a singular system.
Magic squares are well-known arrangements of integers with common row, column, and diagonal sums. Various other magic shapes have been proposed, but triangles have been somewhat overlooked. We introduce certain triangular arrangements of…
A new fuzzy method is developed using triangular/trapezoidal fuzzy numbers for evaluating a group's mean performance, when qualitative grades instead of numerical scores are used for assessing its members' individual performance. Also, a…
In this book, the authors define the new notion of set vector spaces which is the most generalized form of vector spaces. Set vector spaces make use of the least number of algebraic operations, therefore, even a non-mathematician is…
It is generally believed that the space has a nontrivial structure which is apparent on the order of the Planck length. There is a class of models of three-dimensional quantum spaces constructed using different mathematical tools. Also,…
Double Hurwitz numbers have at least four equivalent definitions. Most naturally, they count covers of the Riemann sphere by genus g curves with certain specified ramification data. This is classically equivalent to counting certain…
FASILL (acronym of "Fuzzy Aggregators and Similarity Into a Logic Language") is a fuzzy logic programming language with implicit/explicit truth degree annotations, a great variety of connectives and unification by similarity. FASILL…
The goal of this note is to present a combinatorial mechanism for counting certain objects associated to a variety X defined over a finite field. The basic example is that of counting conjugacy classes in GL_n(F_q), where X is the…
This is a compendium of generating functions involving single, double sums and definite integrals. These generating functions also involve special functions in both the summand function and closed form solution.
Polytope numbers for a given polytope are an integer sequence defined by the combinatorics of the polytope. Recent work by H. K. Kim and J. Y. Lee has focused on writing polytope number sequences as sums of simplex number sequences. We…
Let $k\ge 1$ be an integer. A positive integer $n$ is $k$-\textit{gleeful} if $n$ can be represented as the sum of $k$th powers of consecutive primes. For example, $35=2^3+3^3$ is a $3$-gleeful number, and $195=5^2+7^2+11^2$ is $2$-gleeful.…
We consider gray-box fuzzing of a program instrumented such that information about evaluation of program expressions converting values of numerical types to Boolean, like x <= y, is recorded during each program's execution. Given that…