Related papers: Grainy Numbers
We define the Cartesian product, composition, union and join on interval-valued fuzzy graphs and investigate some of their properties. We also introduce the notion of interval-valued fuzzy complete graphs and present some properties of self…
This paper investigates the solutions of a family of certain linear fuzzy arithmetic equations that involve fuzzy numbers belonging to certain finite-dimensional vector spaces of $\mathbb{R}_{\mathcal{F}}$, called…
We study functional clones, which are sets of non-negative pseudo-Boolean functions (functions $\{0,1\}^k\to\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}$) closed under (essentially) multiplication, summation and limits. Functional clones naturally form a lattice…
We develop a purely set-theoretic formalism for binary trees and binary graphs. We define a category of binary automata, and display it as a fibred category over the category of binary graphs. We also relate the notion of binary graphs to…
We count subrings of small index of $\mathbb{Z}^n$, where the addition and multiplication are defined componentwise. Let $f_n(k)$ denote the number of subrings of index $k$. For any $n$, we give a formula for this quantity for all integers…
The two Fresnel Integrals are real and imaginary part of the integral over complex-valued exp(ix^2) as a function of the upper limit. They are special cases of the integrals over x^m*exp(i*x^n) for integer powers m and n, which are…
The Hultman numbers enumerate permutations whose cycle graph has a given number of alternating cycles (they are relevant to the Bafna-Pevzner approach to genome comparison and genome rearrangements). We give two new interpretations of the…
A class of real spectral triples that are similar in structure to a Riemannian manifold but have a finite-dimensional Hilbert space is defined and investigated, determining a general form for the Dirac operator. Examples include fuzzy…
We give a geometrically motivated measure of skewness, define a mean value triangle number, and dispersion (in that order) of a fuzzy number without reference or seeking analogy to the namesake but parallel concepts in probability theory.…
Expansion of real numbers is a basic research topic in number theory. Usually we expand real numbers in one given base. In this paper, we begin to systematically study expansions in multiple given bases in a reasonable way, which is a…
The mathematical representation of uncertainty has led to a proliferation of preference structures, such as interval-valued fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, and various granular models. While these extensions are often studied…
A new simple geometrical interpretation of complex numbers is presented. It differs from their usual interpretation as points in the complex plane. From the new point of view the complex numbers are rather operations on vectors than points.…
The signed-bit representation of real numbers is like the binary representation, but in addition to 0 and 1 you can also use -1. It lends itself especially well to the constructive (intuitionistic) theory of the real numbers. The first part…
There are different meanings of foundation of mathematics: philosophical, logical, and mathematical. Here foundations are considered as a theory that provides means (concepts, structures, methods etc.) for the development of whole…
The set of prime numbers has been analyzed, based on their algebraic and arithmetical structure. Here by obtaining a sort of linear formula for the set of prime numbers, they are redefined and identified; under a systematic procedure it has…
The simple cubic lattice defines a set of points at regular distances. The volume of the Voronoi cells around each point may serve as a weight for integration over the entire space. We add interstitial points to this grid according to the…
In this paper, first, I introduce two-layered numbers. Two-layered numbers are positive integers that their positive divisors except 1 can be partitioned into two disjoint subsets. Similarly, I defined a half-layered number as a positive…
The Fibonacci cube $\Gamma_n$ is the subgraph of the hypercube $Q_n$ induced by vertices with no consecutive $1$s. Munarini introduced Pell graphs, a variation of Fibonacci cubes defined on ternary strings. A generalization of Pell graphs…
An investigation of deep fuzzy systems is presented in this paper. A deep fuzzy system is represented by recursive fuzzy systems from an input terminal to output terminal. Recursive fuzzy systems are sequences of fuzzy grade memberships…
We point out that the recursive formula that appears in Erickson's presentation "Fusible Numbers" is incorrect, and pose an alternate conjecture about the structure of fusible numbers. Although we are unable to solve the conjecture, we…