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This communication is a natural and nontrivial continuation of the 2005 work of Ahluwalia and Grumiller on Elko. Here we report that Elko breaks Lorentz symmetry in a rather subtle and unexpected way by containing a `hidden' preferred…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-03-22 D. V. Ahluwalia , Cheng-Yang Lee , D. Schritt

This editorial presents the quantum field theoretic ambiance in which Elko and mass dimension one fermions come to exist. This may serve not only to introduce Elko, and the associated quantum field, but it may also open a door to a new…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-03-12 Dharam Vir Ahluwalia

Mass dimension one quantum fields, constructed upon eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator with dual helicity (ELKO), are prime candidates to describe dark matter. Their interaction with the photon and the proton, in scattering…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-06-27 G. B. de Gracia , R. da Rocha

These are notes on the square root of $4\times4$ identity matrix and associated quantum fields of spin one half. The method is illustrated by constructing a new mass dimension one fermionic field. The presented field is local. The field…

General Physics · Physics 2020-08-24 Dharam Vir Ahluwalia

Throughout this paper, we conduct our discussion by a partial review of Elko's Hermiticity, introducing the Hermitian formulation for interacting mass dimension one fermions based on Elko spinor. It includes pivotal observations about…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-21 Gabriel Brandão de Gracia , Rodolfo José Bueno Rogerio

According to Ahluwalia and Grumiller, massive spin-half fields of mass-dimension one can be constructed using the eigenspinors of the charge-conjugation operator (Elko) as expansion coefficients. In this paper, we generalize their result by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-04-10 Cheng-Yang Lee

Cosmelkology is the study of Elko in cosmology. Elko is a massive spin-half field of mass dimension one. Elko differs from the Dirac and Majorana fermions because it furnishes the irreducible representation of the extended Poincare group…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-07-19 Cheng-Yang Lee , Haomin Rao , Wenqi Yu , Siyi Zhou

The fermionic fields constructed from Elko have several unexpected properties. They satisfy the Klein-Gordon but not the Dirac equation and are of mass dimension one instead of three-half. Starting with the Klein-Gordon Lagrangian, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-01-04 Cheng-Yang Lee

In this paper a mass dimension one fermionic sigma model, realized by the eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator with dual helicity (Elko spinors), is developed. Such spinors are chosen as a specific realization of mass dimension…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-06 R. J. Bueno Rogerio , J. M. Hoff da Silva , S. H. Pereira , Roldao da Rocha

We analyze the potential of accelerator-based neutrino experiments, such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, to constrain a five dimensional operator mediating a beyond standard model interaction between mass dimension one fermion…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-10-17 C. A. Moura , F. Kamiya , L. Duarte , M. Dias , J. M. Hoff da Silva

This work study the finite temperature effects of a mass dimension one fermionic field, sometimes called Elko field. The equilibrium partition function was calculated by means of the imaginary time formalism and the result obtained was the…

General Physics · Physics 2019-05-08 S. H. Pereira , Richard S. Costa

A mass dimension one fermion, also known as Elko, constitutes a dark matter candidate which might interact with photons at the tree level in a specific fashion. In this work, we investigate the constraints imposed by unitarity and LHC data…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-04-18 Alexandre Alves , M. Dias , F. de Campos , L. Duarte , J. M. Hoff da Silva

The aim of this work is to explore the possibility to discover a fermionic field with mass dimension one, the Elko field, in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Due to its mass dimension, an Elko can only interact either with Standard Model…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-18 Alexandre Alves , Fernando de Campos , Marco Dias , Julio M. Hoff da Silva

Mass dimension one fermionic fields are prime candidates to describe dark matter, due to their intrinsic neutral nature, as they are constructed as eigenstates of the charge conjugation operator with dual helicity. To formulate the meaning…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-17 G. B. de Gracia , A. A. Nogueira , R. da Rocha

The mass dimension one fermionic field associated with Elko satisfies the Klein-Gordon but not the Dirac equation. However, its propagator is not a Green's function of the Klein-Gordon operator. We determine the operator in which the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-02 Cheng-Yang Lee

We explore the mass resonance structure that naturally arises from extra-dimensional models. The resonance can enhance the dark matter annihilation as well as self-interaction. We demonstrate such a resonance structure by considering the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-21 Taegyu Lee , Yu-Dai Tsai

In this paper, we provide the first systematic investigation of renormalization group properties of mass dimension one fermions described by ELKO spinors. By construction, ELKOs must be neutral under any Standard Model charge, therefore,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-11 Gustavo P. de Brito

The mass dimension one (MDO) fermionic field is built on a complete set of dual-helicity eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator, which obeys the statistic of Fermi-Dirac. These spinors are a potential candidate for the description…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-21 R. de C. Lima , T. M. Guimarães , S. H. Pereira

This thesis studies the symmetries and phenomenologies of the massive vector fields of indefinite spin with both scalar and spin-one degrees of freedom and Elko. The investigation is conducted by using and extending the quantum field theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-06-26 Cheng-Yang Lee

We review how Elko arise as an extension of complex valued four-component Majorana spinors. This is followed by a discussion that constrains certain elements of phase freedom. A proof is reviewed that unambiguously establishes that Elko,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-06 Dharam Vir Ahluwalia , Alekha Chandra Nayak
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