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The Grundy number of a graph is the minimum number of colors needed to properly color the graph using the first-fit greedy algorithm regardless of the initial vertex ordering. Computing the Grundy number of a graph is an NP-Hard problem.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-24 Thiago Assis , Gabriel Coutinho , Emanuel Juliano

Let $A_n$ be the anti-regular graph of order $n.$ It was conjectured that among all threshold graphs on $n$ vertices, $A_n$ has the smallest positive eigenvalue and the largest eigenvalue less than $-1.$ Recently, in \cite{Cesar2} was given…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-08 Fernando Tura

Let G be a simple connected graph of order n with degree sequence d_1, d_2, ..., d_n in non-increasing order. The spectral radius rho(G) of G is the largest eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix. For each positive integer L at most n, we give…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-10 Chia-an Liu , Chih-wen Weng

For groups $G$ that can be generated by an involution and an element of odd prime order, this paper gives a sufficient condition for a certain Cayley graph of $G$ to be a graphical regular representation (GRR), that is, for the Cayley graph…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-28 Binzhou Xia

Let $G$ be a graph, and let $\lambda(G)$ denote the smallest eigenvalue of $G$. First, we provide an upper bound for $\lambda(G)$ based on induced bipartite subgraphs of $G$. Consequently, we extract two other upper bounds, one relying on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-16 Aryan Esmailpour , Sara Saeedi Madani , Dariush Kiani

In this paper, we characterize all connected graphs with exactly three distinct normalized Laplacian eigenvalues of which one is equal to $1$, determine all connected bipartite graphs with at least one vertex of degree $1$ having exactly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-28 Xueyi Huang , Qiongxiang Huang

We study the unitary Cayley graph of a matrix semiring. We find bounds for its diameter, clique number and independence number, and determine its girth. We also find the relationship between the diameter and the clique number of a unitary…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-11-15 David Dolžan

An eigenvalue $\lambda$ of a signed graph $S$ of order $n$ is called a main eigenvalue if its eigenspace is not orthogonal to the all-ones vector $j$. Characterizing signed graphs with exactly $k$ $(1\le k\le n)$ distinct main eigenvalues…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Zenan Du , Fenjin Liu , Hechao Liu , Jifu Lin , Wenxu Yang

The smallest eigenvalues of (distance-j) Hamming graphs with distance parameter j at least half the length were completely determined by Brouwer et al. (2018). In the present work, we address the complementary regime, namely distances j…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Yu Ning , Jack H. Koolen , Xiande Zhang

As a discrete analogue of Kac's celebrated question on "hearing the shape of a drum", and towards a practical graph isomorphism test, it is of interest to understand which graphs are determined up to isomorphism by their spectrum (of their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-19 Illya Koval , Matthew Kwan

The spectral properties of signed directed graphs, which may be naturally obtained by assigning a sign to each edge of a directed graph, have received substantially less attention than those of their undirected and/or unsigned counterparts.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-12 Pepijn Wissing , Edwin R. van Dam

As a vital link between group theory and graph theory, Cayley graphs provide a geometric framework for encoding algebraic structures. This study explores the properties of Cayley graphs derived from cyclic groups whose order is the square…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Iqbal Atmaja , Ahmad Erfanian , Yeni Susanti , Muhammad Nurul Huda , Ari Suparwanto

Let $G$ be a finite group, and $S$ be a subset of $G\setminus\{1\}$ such that $S=S^{-1}$. Suppose that $Cay(G,S)$ is the Cayley graph on $G$ with respect to the set $S$ which is the graph whose vertex set is $G$ and two vertices $a,b\in G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-05 Alireza Abdollahi , Shahrooz Janbaz , Mojtaba Jazaeri

Eigenvalue interlacing is a versatile technique for deriving results in algebraic combinatorics. In particular, it has been successfully used for proving a number of results about the relation between the (adjacency matrix or Laplacian)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-05 M. A. Fiol

The Feynman rules assign to every graph an integral which can be written as a function of a scaling parameter L. Assuming L for the process under consideration is very small, so that contributions to the renormalizaton group are small, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-21 Julian Purkart

A mixed graph is said to be integral if all the eigenvalues of its Hermitian adjacency matrix are integer. Let $\Gamma$ be an abelian group. The \textit{mixed Cayley graph} $Cay(\Gamma,S)$ is a mixed graph on the vertex set $\Gamma$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Monu Kadyan , Bikash Bhattacharjya

In this paper we prove the semi-circular law for the eigenvalues of regular random graph $G_{n,d}$ in the case $d\rightarrow \infty$, complementing a previous result of McKay for fixed $d$. We also obtain a upper bound on the infinity norm…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-12-01 Linh Tran , Van Vu , Ke Wang

We gather several results on the eigenvalues of the spatial sign covariance matrix of an elliptical distribution. It is shown that the eigenvalues are a one-to-one function of the eigenvalues of the shape matrix and that they are closer…

Computation · Statistics 2016-03-21 Alexander Dürre , David E. Tyler , Daniel Vogel

For an $n \times n$ matrix $A$, let $q(A)$ be the number of distinct eigenvalues of $A$. If $G$ is a connected graph on $n$ vertices, let $\mathcal{S}(G)$ be the set of all real symmetric $n \times n$ matrices $A=[a_{ij}]$ such that for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-19 Wayne Barrett , Shaun Fallat , Veronika Furst , Shahla Nasserasr , Brendan Rooney , Michael Tait

We present a finer quantitative version of an observation due to Breuillard, Green, Guralnick and Tao which tells that for finite non-bipartite Cayley graphs, once the nontrivial eigenvalues of their normalized adjacency matrices are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-01 Wenbo Li , Shiping Liu