English

Signed graphs with exactly two main eigenvalues: The unicyclic case

Combinatorics 2026-03-05 v1

Abstract

An eigenvalue λ\lambda of a signed graph SS of order nn is called a main eigenvalue if its eigenspace is not orthogonal to the all-ones vector jj. Characterizing signed graphs with exactly kk (1kn)(1\le k\le n) distinct main eigenvalues is a problem in algebraic and graph theory that has been studied since 2020. Du et al. (2024, 2026) characterized a class of signed graphs with exactly two main eigenvalues by analyzing a type of multigraph whose base graph is a tree. In this paper, we extend this study to the case where the associated multigraph has a unicyclic base graph, and we conclude by proposing several open problems.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.04063,
  title  = {Signed graphs with exactly two main eigenvalues: The unicyclic case},
  author = {Zenan Du and Fenjin Liu and Hechao Liu and Jifu Lin and Wenxu Yang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.04063},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T11:03:01.532Z