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Related papers: On the CNOT-cost of TOFFOLI gates

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Efficiently implementing Clifford circuits is crucial for quantum error correction and quantum algorithms. Linear reversible circuits, equivalent to circuits composed of CNOT gates, have important applications in classical computing. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Mark Webster , Stergios Koutsioumpas , Dan E Browne

Quantum algorithms often benefit from the ability to execute multi-qubit (>2) gates. To date such multi-qubit gates are typically decomposed into single- and two-qubit gates, particularly in superconducting qubit architectures. The ability…

We present an algorithm that decomposes any $n$-qubit Clifford operator into a circuit consisting of three subcircuits containing only CNOT or CPHASE gates with layers of one-qubit gates before and after each of these subcircuits. As with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Timothy Proctor , Kevin Young

We present a novel Clifford+T decomposition of a Toffoli gate. Our decomposition requires no SWAP gates in order to be implemented on 2D square lattices of qubits. This decomposition enables shallower, more fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Alexandru Paler , Evan E. Dobbs , Joseph S. Friedman

The use of a few intermediate qutrits for efficient decomposition of 3-qubit unitary gates has been proposed, to obtain an exponential reduction in the depth of the decomposed circuit. An intermediate qutrit implies that a qubit is operated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Ritajit Majumdar , Amit Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

This paper proposes a new optimized quantum block-ZXZ decomposition method [7,8,10] that results in more optimal quantum circuits than the quantum Shannon decomposition (QSD)[27], which was introduced in 2006 by Shende et al. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Anna M. Krol , Zaid Al-Ars

While quantum computing holds great potential in combinatorial optimization, electronic structure calculation, and number theory, the current era of quantum computing is limited by noisy hardware. Many quantum compilation approaches can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Max Aksel Bowman , Pranav Gokhale , Jeffrey Larson , Ji Liu , Martin Suchara

Prior work of Beverland et al. has shown that any exact Clifford+$T$ implementation of the $n$-qubit Toffoli gate must use at least $n$ $T$ gates. Here we show how to get away with exponentially fewer $T$ gates, at the cost of incurring a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 David Gosset , Robin Kothari , Chenyi Zhang

High-fidelity multi-qubit gates are a critical resource for near-term quantum computing, as they underpin the execution of both quantum algorithms and fault-tolerant protocols. The Toffoli gate (CCNOT), in particular, plays a central role…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 M. AbuGhanem

A Toffoli gate ($C^{n}$-NOT gate) is regarded as an important unitary gate in quantum computation, and is simulated by a quantum circuit composed of $C^{2}$-NOT gates. This paper presents a quantum circuit with a new configuration of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Masanari Asano , Chikara Ishii

Unitary operations are expressed in the quantum circuit model as a finite sequence of elementary gates, such as controlled-not gates and single qubit gates. We prove that the simplified Toffoli gate by Margolus, which coincides with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guang Song , Andreas Klappenecker

This paper presents novel methods for optimizing multi-controlled quantum gates, which naturally arise in high-level quantum programming. Our primary approach involves rewriting $U(2)$ gates as $SU(2)$ gates, utilizing one auxiliary qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Evandro C. R. Rosa , Eduardo I. Duzzioni , Rafael de Santiago

We study the problem of CNOT-optimal quantum circuit synthesis over gate sets consisting of CNOT and Z-basis rotations of arbitrary angles. We show that the circuit-polynomial correspondence relates such circuits to Fourier expansions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-29 Matthew Amy , Parsiad Azimzadeh , Michele Mosca

Multi-controlled Pauli gates are typical high-level qubit operations that appear in the quantum circuits of various quantum algorithms. We find multi-controlled Pauli gate decompositions with smaller CNOT-count or $T$-depth while keeping…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-04 Ken M. Nakanishi , Synge Todo

Controlled operations are fundamental building blocks of quantum algorithms. Decomposing $n$-control-NOT gates ($C^n(X)$) into arbitrary single-qubit and CNOT gates, is a crucial but non-trivial task. This study introduces $C^n(X)$ circuits…

The decomposition for controlled-$ZX$ gate in [Phys. Rev. A, 87, 062318 (2013)] has a shallow circuit depth $8n-20$ with no ancilla. Here we modify this decomposition to decompose $n$-qubit Toffoli gate with only $2n-3$ additional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-25 Jian Leng , Fan Yang , Xiang-Bin Wang

Quantum computing has garnered significant interest for its potential to solve certain computational problems much faster than the best-known classical algorithms. A fully functional and scalable quantum computer could transform various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 M. AbuGhanem

Resource consumption is an important issue in quantum information processing, particularly during the present NISQ era. In this paper, we investigate resource optimization of implementing multiple controlled operations, which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-08 Junhong Nie , Wei Zi , Xiaoming Sun

It is known that every two-qubit unitary operation has Schmidt rank one, two or four, and the construction of three-qubit unitary gates in terms of Schmidt rank remains an open problem. We explicitly construct the gates of Schmidt rank from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Zhiwei Song , Lin Chen , Mengyao Hu

We show that any unimodular real 3-qubit gate can be expressed as the product of at most 14 CNOT gates plus single-qubit gates, improving on the bound of 16 CNOTs due to Wei and Di. Our method uses the exotic triality symmetry of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Brendan Pawlowski