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We consider the enumeration of plane trees (rooted ordered trees) whose vertices are colored according to a specific coloring rule that prescribes which possible pairs of colors can occur as the colors of a parent vertex and its child. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-19 Stoyan Dimitrov , Nathan Fox , Kimberly Hadaway , Ashley Tharp , Stephan Wagner

In this work, recent results on the moments of balanced P\'olya urns are generalized to unbalanced urns, with the condition that the expected change in total activity at each step is constant. We also provide applications of our results to…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Colin Desmarais

We consider growing random recursive trees in random environment, in which at each step a new vertex is attached (by an edge of a random length) to an existing tree vertex according to a probability distribution that assigns the tree…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Konstantin Borovkov , Vladimir Vatutin

In this paper, we redesign and simplify an algorithm due to Remy et al. for the generation of rooted planar trees that satisfies a given partition of degrees. This new version is now optimal in terms of random bit complexity, up to a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-01-21 Olivier Bodini , David Julien , Marchal Philippe

We introduce an extension of the P\'olya tree approach for constructing distributions on the space of probability measures. By using optional stopping and optional choice of splitting variables, the construction gives rise to random…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-10-05 Wing H. Wong , Li Ma

In this paper, we compute the distribution of the first letter statistic on nine avoidance classes of permutations corresponding to two pairs of patterns of length four. In particular, we show that the distribution is the same for each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-12 Toufik Mansour , Mark Shattuck

A fringe subtree of a rooted tree is a subtree induced by one of the vertices and all its descendants. We consider the problem of estimating the number of distinct fringe subtrees in two types of random trees: simply generated trees and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Louisa Seelbach Benkner , Stephan Wagner

We study Bernoulli bond percolation on a random recursive tree of size $n$ with percolation parameter $p(n)$ converging to $1$ as $n$ tends to infinity. The sizes of the percolation clusters are naturally stored in a tree. We prove…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-28 Erich Baur

A permutation $\sigma$ of a multiset is called Stirling permutation if $\sigma(s)\ge \sigma(i)$ as soon as $\sigma(i)=\sigma(j)$ and $i<s<j.$ In our paper we study Stirling polynomials that arise in the generating function for descent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-27 Askar Dzhumadil'daev , Damir Yeliussizov

We consider the motion of a particle on a Galton Watson tree, when the probabilities of jumping from a vertex to any one of its neighbours is determined by a random process. Given the tree, positive weights are assigned to the edges in such…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-02 A. D. Barbour , A. Collevecchio

We provide a short combinatorial proof of Cayley's formula by means of a bijective map to an outcome space of an urn-drawing problem. Furthermore we introduce an algebraic structure on the set of labeled trees, which provides a more…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-02-01 Victor N. Ermolaev , Giulio Iacobelli

We analyse the statistical properties of genealogical trees in a neutral model of a closed population with sexual reproduction and non-overlapping generations. By reconstructing the genealogy of an individual from the population evolution,…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 Bernard Derrida , Susanna C. Manrubia , Damian H. Zanette

We present a simple a bijection between permutations of $\{1,..., n\}$ with $k$ descents and permutation tableaux of length $n$ with $k$ columns.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sylvie Corteel

We consider uniform random permutations drawn from a family enumerated through generating trees. We develop a new general technique to establish a central limit theorem for the number of consecutive occurrences of a fixed pattern in such…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-22 Jacopo Borga

Let $st=\{st_1,\ldots,st_k\}$ be a set of $k$ statistics on permutations with $k\geq 1$. We say that two given subset of permutations $T$ and $T'$ are $st$-Wilf-equivalent if the joint distributions of all statistics in $st$ over the sets…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-18 Paul M. Rakotomamonjy

We introduce in this section an Algebraic and Combinatorial approach to the theory of Numbers. The approach rests on the observation that numbers can be identified with familiar combinatorial objects namely rooted trees, which we shall here…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-01-18 Edinah K. Gnang

Using earlier results we prove a formula for the number $W_{(n,k)}$ of 2-stack sortable permutations of length $n$ with $k$ runs, or in other words, $k-1$ descents. This formula will yield the suprising fact that there are as many 2-stack…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-25 Miklós Bóna

We describe a bijection between $(k,k)$-Fuss-Schr\"oder paths of type $\lambda$ and certain rooted plane forests with $n(k+1)+2$ vertices. This yields a recursion which allows us to analytically enumerate the number of large…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-15 Michael Kural

This paper is devoted to a study of the multiple recurrence of two commuting transformations. We derive a result which is similar but not identical to that of one single transformation established by Bergelson, Host and Kra. We will use the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2009-12-18 Qing Chu

We present a direct bijection between descending plane partitions with no special parts and permutation matrices. This bijection has the desirable property that the number of parts of the descending plane partition corresponds to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-26 Jessica Striker