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A scanning force microscope tip is used to write ferroelectric domains in He-implanted single-crystal lithium niobate and subsequently probe them by piezoresponse force microscopy. Investigation of cross-sections of the samples showed that…
The rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the last two decades was stimulated by the emergence of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques capable of accessing local material properties, including transport, mechanical,…
The interaction of electric field with charged domain walls in ferroelectrics is theoretically addressed. A general expression for the force acting per unit area of a charged domain wall carrying free charge is derived. It is shown that, in…
Polarization in ferroelectric domains arises from atomic-scale structural variations that govern macroscopic functionalities. The interfaces between these domains known as domain walls host distinct physical responses, making their…
Magnetite has long been investigated across many disciplines due to the interplay between its ferroic order parameters, namely its ferrimagnetism, ferroelasticity and ferroelectricty. Despite this, the experimental difficulty in measuring…
The (001) surface of NiO, an antiferromagnet at room temperature, was investigated under ultra-high vacuum conditions with frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM). The antiferromagnetic coupling between ions leads to a spin…
Natural interfaces in ferroic oxides have developed into versatile playgrounds for studying electronic correlation effects in 2D systems. The microscopic origin of the emergent local electronic properties is often debated, however, as…
Direct orientation contrast imaging of zinc-blende III-V materials is studied using scanning electron microscopy. A quantitative approach is taken using a 3 {\mu}m thick orientation-patterned GaP grown on GaAs sample, studying the…
Magnetic-domain structure and dynamics play an important role in understanding and controlling the magnetic properties of two-dimensional magnets, which are of interest to both fundamental studies and applications[1-5]. However, the probe…
Motion of ferroelectric domain walls greatly contributes to the macroscopic dielectric and piezoelectric response of ferroelectric materials. The domain wall motion through the ferroelectric material is however hindered by pinning on…
The ferroelectric domain structure of a freestanding BiFeO$_3$ film was visualized by ptychographic dichroic imaging with linearly polarized X-rays at the O K-edge around 530 eV. The dichroic contrast is maximized at the energy of the…
In situ electron microscopy is a key tool for understanding the mechanisms driving novel phenomena in 2D structures. Unfortunately, due to various practical challenges, technologically relevant 2D heterostructures prove challenging to…
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a powerful tool widely used to characterize piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity at the nanoscale. However, it is necessary to distinguish microscopic mechanisms between piezoelectricity and…
General energy approaches have been applied to study the single-domain polarization reversal induced by the voltage-modulated Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in ferroelectric single crystals and thin films. Topographic analysis of energy…
Twisted 2D material heterostructures provide an exciting platform for investigating new fundamental physical phenomena. Many of the most interesting behaviours emerge at small twist angles, where the materials reconstruct to form areas of…
We report the development and implementation of a hypothesis learning based automated experiment, in which the microscope operating in the autonomous mode identifies the physical laws behind the material's response. Specifically, we explore…
Domain walls are functionally different from the domains they separate, but little is known about their mechanical properties. Using scanning probe microscopy, we have measured the mechanical response of ferroelectric 180o domain walls and…
Ferroelectric domain walls have emerged as one of the most fascinating objects in condensed matter physics due to the broad variability of functional behaviors they exhibit. However, the vast majority of domain walls studies have been…
We report on low-energy electron microscopy imaging of ferroelectric domains with submicron resolution. Periodic strips of 'up' and 'down'-polarized ferroelectric domains in bismuth ferrite -a room temperature multiferroic- serve as a model…
We study theoretically the influence of the underlying domain microstructure on the electromechanical properties of ferroelectrics. Our calculations are based on a continuum approach that incorporates the long-range elastic and…