Related papers: Bubble Gating Currents in Ionic Channels
Ion channels are proteins with a hole down the middle embedded in cell membranes. Membranes form insulating structures and the channels through them allow and control the movement of charged particles, spherical ions, mostly Na+, K+, Ca++,…
Ion channels are proteins with holes down their middle that control the flow of ions and electric current across otherwise impermeable biological membranes. The flow of sodium, potassium, calcium (divalent), and chloride ions have been…
Electrostatic interaction between ions in an ionic channel and the charge fluctuations in the channel mouth are considered. It is shown that the charge fluctuations can be enhanced in the channels with low dielectric constant and result in…
An exact solution is presented for tunneling through a negative-U d-fold degenerate molecular quantum dot weakly coupled to electrical leads. The tunnel current exhibits hysteresis if the level degeneracy of the negative-U dot is larger…
We consider an exactly tractable model of the Kramers type for the voltage-dependent gating dynamics of single ion channels. It is assumed that the gating dynamics is caused by the thermally activated transitions in a bistable potential.…
We study the electronic properties of dual-gated electron-hole bilayers in which the two layers are separated by a perfectly opaque tunnel barrier. Combining an electrostatic and thermodynamic analysis with mean-field theory estimates of…
A position-dependent stochastic diffusion model of gating in ion channels is developed by considering the spatial variation of the diffusion coefficient between the closed and open states. It is assumed that a sensor which regulates the…
For ion channel gating, the appearance of two distinct conformational states and the discrete transitions between them is essential, and therefore of crucial importance to all living organisms. We show that the physical interplay between…
A simple theory of ion permeation through a channel is presented, in which diffusion occurs according to Fick's law and drift according to Ohm's law, in the electric field determined by all the charges present. This theory accounts for…
Voltage-gated Kv channels play fundamental roles in many biological processes, such as the generation of the action potential. The gating mechanism of Kv channels is characterized experimentally by single-channel recordings and ensemble…
It is known that gas bubbles on the surface bounding a fluid flow can change the coefficient of friction and affect the parameters of the boundary layer. In this paper, we propose a method that allows us to create, in the near-wall region,…
Ion transport through narrow water--filled channels is impeded by a high electrostatic barrier. The latter originates from the large ratio of the dielectric constants of the water and a surrounding media. We show that ``doping'', i.e.…
The formation of quantum Hall channels inside the bulk of graphene is studied using various contact and gate geometries. p-n junctions are created along the longitudinal direction of samples, and enhanced conductance is observed in the case…
This article describes the fluid dynamics video: "Turbulent Bubbly Channel Flow: Role of Bubble Deformability." The effect of bubble deformability on the flow rate of bubbly upflow in a turbulent vertical channel is examined using direct…
We have introduced a controllable nano-scale incursion into a potential barrier imposed across a two-dimensional electron gas, and report on the phenomena that we observe as the incursion develops. In the quantum Hall regime, the…
The tunneling probability between two leads connected by a molecule, a chain, a film, or a bulk polarizable insulator is investigated within a model of an electron tunneling from lead A to a state higher in energy, describing the barrier,…
Electron tunneling between quantum Hall systems on the same two dimensional plane separated by a narrow barrier is studied. We show that in the limit where inelastic scattering time is much longer than the tunneling time, which can be…
We investigate the formation of the one-dimensional channels on the topological surface under the gate electrode. The energy dispersion of these channels is almost linear in the momentum with the velocity sensitively depending on the…
Some of the peculiar electrodynamical effects associated with gauged ``dimension bubbles'' are presented. Such bubbles, which effectively enclose a region of 5d spacetime, can arise from a 5d theory with a compact extra dimension. Bubbles…
Cavitation is a general phenomenon of the fluid flows with obstacles. It appears in the cooling conduits of the fast nuclear engines. A model of this phenomenon using the theory of Laplace and a common non-convex energy for the liquid and…