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Cryptography is the science that secures data and communication over the network by applying mathematics and logic to design strong encryption methods. In the modern era of e-business and e-commerce the protection of confidentiality,…
Deoxyribonucleic acid is increasingly being understood to be an informational molecule, capable of information processing.It has found application in the determination of non-deterministic algorithms and in the design of molecular computing…
Exponential increase of data has motivated advances of data storage technologies. As a promising storage media, DeoxyriboNucleic Acid (DNA) storage provides a much higher data density and superior durability, compared with state-of-the-art…
Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, are molecules that are present in any life form. Their most notable function is to encode biological information. Why then would a physicist be interested in these molecules? As we will see, DNA is an…
The vast parallelism, exceptional energy efficiency and extraordinary information inherent in DNA molecules are being explored for computing, data storage and cryptography. DNA cryptography is a emerging field of cryptography. In this paper…
Since security is one of the most important issues, the evolve of cryptography and cryptographic analysis are considered as the fields of on-going research. The latest development on this field is DNA cryptography. It has emerged after the…
Molecular biology is a nanotechnology that works--it has worked for billions of years and in an amazing variety of circumstances. At its core is a system for acquiring, processing and communicating information that is universal, from…
The yearly global production of data is growing exponentially, outpacing the capacity of existing storage media, such as tape and disk, and surpassing our ability to store it. DNA storage - the representation of arbitrary information as…
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. The code defines a mapping between tri-nucleotide sequences,…
A model for the information transfer from DNA to protein using quantum information and computation techniques is presented. DNA is modeled as the sender and proteins are modeled as the receiver of this information. On the DNA side, a…
A simple DNA-based data storage scheme is demonstrated in which information is written using "addressing" oligonucleotides. In contrast to other methods that allow arbitrary code to be stored, the resulting DNA is suitable for downstream…
In this paper, we study error-correcting codes for the storage of data in synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). We investigate a storage model where data is represented by an unordered set of $M$ sequences, each of length $L$. Errors…
Information is often encoded as an aperiodic chain of building blocks. Modern digital computers use bits as the building blocks, but in general the choice of building blocks depends on the nature of the information to be encoded. What are…
The DNA storage channel is considered, in which a codeword is comprised of $M$ unordered DNA molecules. At reading time, $N$ molecules are sampled with replacement, and then each molecule is sequenced. A coded-index concatenated-coding…
The DNA storage channel is considered, in which the $M$ Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules comprising each codeword are stored without order, sampled $N$ times with replacement, and then sequenced over a discrete memoryless channel. For…
A general theoretical framework is put forth to organize and understand various observed phenomena and mathematical relationships in the field of molecular biology. By modeling each cell in eukaryotic organisms as a processor having a…
The structure of the genetic code is discussed in formal terms. A rectangular table of the code ("the code matrix"), whose properties reveal its arithmetical content tagged with the information symbols in several notations. New parameters…
DNA-based storage is an emerging technology that enables digital information to be archived in DNA molecules. This method enjoys major advantages over magnetic and optical storage solutions such as exceptional information density, enhanced…
Owing to its longevity and enormous information density, DNA, the molecule encoding biological information, has emerged as a promising archival storage medium. However, due to technological constraints, data can only be written onto many…
The interactions between DNA, RNA, and proteins are fundamental to biological processes, as illustrated by the central dogma of molecular biology. Although modern biological pre-trained models have achieved great success in analyzing these…