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DNA sequencing allows for the determination of the genetic code of an organism, and therefore is an indispensable tool that has applications in Medicine, Life Sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Food Sciences and Technology, and Agriculture. In…
Several technological applications require the translation of a protein into a nucleic acid that codes for it (``backtranslation''). The degeneracy of the genetic code makes this translation ambiguous; moreover, not every translation is…
The genetic code structure into distinct multiplet-classes as well as the numeric degeneracies of the latter are revealed by a two-step process. First, an empirical inventory of the degeneracies (of the shuffled multiplets) in two specific…
How to artificially encode observer in universal information coding structure like DNA ? It requires naturally creating information Bits and natural encoding triplet code enables recognizing other encoded information. These Bits become…
Decoding sequences that stem from multiple transmissions of a codeword over an insertion, deletion, and substitution channel is a critical component of efficient deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) data storage systems. In this paper, we consider a…
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), with its high density and long durability, is a promising storage medium for long-term archival storage and has attracted much attention. Several studies have verified the feasibility of using DNA for archival…
All known life forms are based upon a hierarchy of interwoven feedback loops, operating over a cascade of space, time and energy scales. Among the most basic loops are those connecting DNA and proteins. For example, in genetic networks, DNA…
Living organisms are the most complex, interesting and significant objects regarding all substructures of the universe. Life science is regarded as a science of the 21st century and one can expect great new discoveries in the near futures.…
A mathematical algorithm to describe DNA or RNA sequences of $N$ nucleotides by a string of $2N$ integers numbers is presented in the framework of the so called crystal basis model of the genetic code. The description allows to define a not…
We have presented the basic knowledge on the structure of molecules coding the genetic information, mechanisms of transfer of this information from DNA to proteins and phenomena connected with replication of DNA. In particular, we have…
The information contained in the genome is insufficient for the control of organism development. Thus, the whereabouts of actual operational directives and workings of the genome remain obscure. In this work, it is suggested that the genome…
In modern age, the increasing complexity of computation and communication technology is leading us towards the necessity of new paradigm. As a result, unconventional approach like DNA coding theory is gaining considerable attention. The…
Evolution consists of distinct stages: cosmological, biological, linguistic. Since biology verges on natural sciences and linguistics, we expect that it shares structures and features from both forms of knowledge. Indeed, in DNA we…
In this review paper, we delve into the nascent field of molecular data storage, focusing on system implementations and code constructions. We start by providing an overview of basic concepts in synthetic and computational biology.…
As long as human beings exist on this earth, there will be confidential images intended for limited audience. These images have to be transmitted in such a way that no unauthorized person gets knowledge of them. DNA sequences play a vital…
The DNA molecule, apart from carrying the genetic information, plays a crucial role in a variety of biological processes and find applications in drug design, nanotechnology and nanoelectronics. The molecule undergoes significant structural…
Decoding sequences that stem from multiple transmissions of a codeword over an insertion, deletion, and substitution channel is a critical component of efficient deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) data storage systems. In this paper, we consider a…
The Internet is a ubiquitous and affordable communications network suited for e-commerce and medical image communications. Security has become a major issue as data communication channels can be intruded by intruders during transmission.…
In the emerging field of DNA storage, data is encoded as DNA sequences and stored. The data is read out again by sequencing the stored DNA. Nanopore sequencing is a new sequencing technology that has many advantages over other methods; in…
DNA based storage systems received attention by many researchers. This includes archival and re-writable random access DNA based storage systems. In this work, we have developed an efficient technique to encode the data into DNA sequence by…