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We propose a general class of co-evolving tree network models driven by local exploration where new vertices attach to the current network via randomly sampling a vertex and then exploring the graph for a random number of steps in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Sayan Banerjee , Shankar Bhamidi , Xiangying Huang

This manuscript introduces a new framework for the study of knots by exploring the neighborhood of knot embeddings in the space of simple open and closed curves in 3-space. The latter gives rise to a knotoid spectrum, which determines the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Eleni Panagiotou

We generalize Turaev's definition of torsion invariants of pairs (M,x), where M is a 3-dimensional manifold and x is an Euler structure on M (a non-singular vector field up to homotopy relative to bM and local modifications in int(M).…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Riccardo Benedetti , Carlo Petronio

The notion of free link is a generalized notion of virtual link. In the present paper we define the group of free braids, prove the Alexander theorem that all free links can be obtained as closures of free braids and prove a Markov theorem,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-06-06 Vassily Olegovich Manturov , Hang Wang

The braid variety of a positive braid and the augmentation variety of a Legendrian link both admit decompositions coming from weaves and rulings, respectively. We prove that these decompositions agree under an isomorphism between the braid…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Johan Asplund , Orsola Capovilla-Searle , James Hughes , Caitlin Leverson , Wenyuan Li , Angela Wu

We study some properties of decomposable exact Lagrangian cobordisms between Legendrian links in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with the standard contact structure. In particular, for any decomposable exact Lagrangian filling $L$ of a Legendrian link $K$,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-12-29 Watchareepan Atiponrat

Let $M$ be a closed manifold. We introduce a family of Legendrian isotopy invariants for Legendrians in $J^1M$, which we collectively call Legendrian higher torsion. Given a choice of a class $\mathcal{F}$ of fibre bundles over $M$,…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Daniel Alvarez Gavela , Kiyoshi Igusa , Michael Sullivan

We determine the homotopy type of the spaces of several Legendrian knots and links with the maximal Thurston--Bennequin invariant. In particular, we give a recursive formula of the homotopy type of the space of Legendrian embeddings of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-11-14 Eduardo Fernández , Hyunki Min

We extend Turaev's definition of torsion invariants of 3-dimensional manifolds equipped with non-singular vector fields, by allowing (suitable) tangency circles to the boundary, and manifolds with non-zero Euler characteristic. We show that…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Riccardo Benedetti , Carlo Petronio

In this paper we introduce a Jones-type invariant for singular knots, using a Markov trace on the Yokonuma--Hecke algebras ${\rm Y}_{d,n}(u)$ and the theory of singular braids. The Yokonuma--Hecke algebras have a natural topological…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-07-17 Jesús Juyumaya , Sofia Lambropoulou

In this paper we study the theory of multi-knotoids in the annulus and in the torus, building up from the theory of planar knotoids to the theory of toroidal knotoids through the theory of annular knotoids. We introduce the concept of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Ioannis Diamantis , Sofia Lambropoulou , Sonia Mahmoudi

We investigate when a Legendrian knot in standard contact $\mathbb{R}^3$ has a non-orientable exact Lagrangian filling. We prove analogs of several results in the orientable setting, develop new combinatorial obstructions to fillability,…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-04-01 Linyi Chen , Grant Crider-Phillips , Braeden Reinoso , Joshua M. Sabloff , Leyu Yau

In this note, we prove a lower bound for the positive kinkiness of a closed braid which we then use to derive an estimate for the positive kinkiness of a link in terms of its Seifert system. As an application, we show that certain pretzel…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Christian Bohr

We construct an algorithm to decide whether two given Legendrian or transverse links are equivalent. In general, the complexity of the algorithm is too high for practical implementation. However, in many cases, when the symmetry group of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Ivan Dynnikov , Maxim Prasolov

Sivek proves a "van Kampen" decomposition theorem for the combinatorial Legendrian contact algebra (also known as the Chekanov-Eliashberg algebra) of knots in standard contact $\R^3$ . We prove an analogous result for the holomorphic curve…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-05-01 John G. Harper , Michael G. Sullivan

Tensor regression is an important tool for tensor data analysis, but existing works have not considered the impact of outliers, making them potentially sensitive to such data points. This paper proposes a low tubal rank robust regression…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Zihao Song , Jicai Liu , Heng Lian , Weihua Zhao

For a knot $K$ the cube number is a knot invariant defined to be the smallest $n$ for which there is a cube diagram of size $n$ for $K$. There is also a Legendrian version of this invariant called the \emph{Legendrian cube number}. We will…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-12-22 Ben McCarty

Drawing on some recent results that provide the formalism necessary to definite stationarity for infinite random graphs, this paper initiates the study of statistical and learning questions pertaining to these objects. Specifically, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-11 Daniil Ryabko

Examples are given of prime Legendrian knots in the standard contact 3-space that have arbitrarily many distinct Chekanov polynomials, refuting a conjecture of Lenny Ng. These are constructed using a new `Legendrian tangle replacement'…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-11-11 Paul Melvin , Sumana Shrestha

We apply results from both contact topology and exceptional surgery theory to study when Legendrian surgery on a knot yields a reducible manifold. As an application, we show that a reducible surgery on a non-cabled positive knot of genus g…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Tye Lidman , Steven Sivek