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Surprising asymmetry in the local electromechanical response across a single antiparallel ferroelectric domain wall is reported. Piezoelectric force microscopy is used to investigate both the in-plane and out-of- plane electromechanical…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-11 David A. Scrymgeour , Venkatraman Gopalan

Ferroelectric nanostructures can be formed by local switching of domains using techniques such as piezo-force microscopy (PFM). Understanding lateral size effects is important to determine the minimum feature size for writing ferroelectric…

Materials Science · Physics 2013-10-31 Nathaniel Ng , Rajeev Ahluwalia , Haibin Su , Freddy Boey

Ferroelectric domain walls have emerged as one of the most fascinating objects in condensed matter physics due to the broad variability of functional behaviors they exhibit. However, the vast majority of domain walls studies have been…

We develop and implement an automated experiment in multimodal imaging to probe structural, chemical, and functional behaviors in complex materials and elucidate the dominant physical mechanisms that control device function. Here the…

The presence of electrostatic forces and associated artifacts complicates the interpretation of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM). Eliminating these artifacts provides an opportunity for…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-12-20 Jason P. Killgore , Larry Robins , Liam Collins

We present a methodology to mitigate the effect of the parasitic electrostatic contribution usually present in piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) measurement for quantitative characterization of polycrystalline piezoelectric thin films…

Electromechanical coupling is ubiquitous in biological systems with examples ranging from simple piezoelectricity in calcified and connective tissues to voltage-gated ion channels, energy storage in mitochondria, and electromechanical…

Low dimensional structures comprised of ferroelectric (FE) PbTiO$_3$ (PTO) and quantum paraelectric SrTiO$_3$ (STO) are hosts to complex polarization textures such as polar waves, flux-closure domains and polar skyrmion phases. Density…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-02-16 Jack S. Baker , David R. Bowler

Local domain structures of ferroelectrics have been studied extensively using various modes of scanning probes at the nanoscale, including piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), though none of these…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-09-20 Ehsan Nasr Esfahani , Xiaoyan Liu , Jiangyu Li

The Photonic Force Microscope (PFM) is an opto-mechanical technique based on an optical trap that can be assumed to probe forces in microscopic systems. This technique has been used to measure forces in the range of pico- and femto-Newton,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2011-11-10 Giorgio Volpe , Giovanni Volpe , Dmitri Petrov

Nanoscale polarization switching in ferroelectric materials by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) in weak and strong indentation limits is analyzed using exact solutions for electrostatic and coupled electroelastic fields below the tip.…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-10 Sergei V. Kalinin , A. Gruverman , J. Shin , A. P. Baddorf , E. Karapetian , M. Kachanov

In thin film ferroelectric capacitor the chemical and electronic structure of the electrode/FE interface can play a crucial role in determining the kinetics of polarization switching. We investigate the electronic structure of a…

Resolving growth mechanisms and thickness evolution of functional properties is one of the key tasks in materials discovery and optimization involving thin-film materials, traditionally requiring significant experimental budgets. Here we…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-02 Yu Liu , Yi-Xiu Chen , Haotong Liang , Ichiro Takeuchi , Sergei V. Kalinin

Polarization dynamics in ferroelectric materials are explored via the automated experiment in Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy. A Bayesian Optimization framework for imaging is developed and its performance for a variety of acquisition and…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-06-24 Rama K. Vasudevan , Kyle Kelley , Jacob Hinkle , Hiroshi Funakubo , Stephen Jesse , Sergei V. Kalinin , Maxim Ziatdinov

This study presents a theoretical investigation of the physical mechanisms governing small signal capacitance in ferroelectrics, focusing on Hafnium Zirconium Oxide. Utilizing a time-dependent Ginzburg Landau formalism-based 2D multi-grain…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-07-23 Revanth Koduru , Atanu K. Saha , Martin M. Frank , Sumeet K. Gupta

Binary ferroelectric nitrides are promising materials for information technologies and power electronics. However, polarization switching in these materials is highly unusual. From the structural perspective, polarization reversal is…

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) allows one to image the domain structure of ferromagnetic samples by probing the dipole forces between a magnetic probe tip and a magnetic sample. The magnetic domain structure of the sample depends on the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-02-24 M. Schneiderbauer , F. J. Giessibl

Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) was used to investigate the ferroelectric properties of sol-gel derived LiNbO$_3$ nanoparticles. To determine the degree of ferroelectricity we took large-area images and performed statistical…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-19 F. Johann , T. Jungk , S. Lisinski , Á. Hoffmann , L. Ratke , E. Soergel

Ferroelectric thin films present a powerful platform for next generation computing and memory applications. However, domain morphology and dynamics in buried ferroelectric stacks have remained underexplored, despite the importance for real…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-29 Megan O. Hill Landberg , Bixin Yan , Huaiyu Chen , Efe Ipek , Morgan Trassin , Jesper Wallentin

We present a theoretical study of the measurements of photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) for composite molecular systems. Using the discrete dipole approximation, we calculate the self-consistent response electric field of the entire…