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Piezoelectric semiconductor III-Nitride nanostructures have received increasing interest as an alternative material for energy harvesters, sensors, and self-sustainable electronics, demanding well-clarification of their piezoelectric…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-12-08 L. Jaloustre , S. Le-Denmat , T. Auzelle , M. Azadmand , L. Geelhaar , F. Dahlem , R. Songmuang

Domain switching pathways in ferroelectric materials visualized by dynamic Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) are explored via variational autoencoder (VAE), which simplifies the elements of the observed domain structure, crucially…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-04-14 Sergei V. Kalinin , James J. Steffes , Yongtao Liu , Bryan D. Huey , Maxim Ziatdinov

Signal formation mechanism of Piezoresponse Force Microscopy of piezoelectric surface layers and thin films on stiff and elastically matched substrates is analyzed and thickness dependence of effective piezoelectric response, object…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-13 Anna N. Morozovska , Eugene A. Eliseev , Sergei V. Kalinin

The behavior of ferroelectricity at the nanoscale is the focus of increasing research activity because of intense interest in the fundamental nature of spontaneous order in condensed-matter systems and because of the many practical…

Electric Scanning Probe Microscopies are used to characterize the surface behavior of ferroelectric materials. The effects of local charge density on the chemistry and physics of ferroelectric surfaces are investigated. The kinetics and…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-05-23 Sergei V. Kalinin , Dawn A. Bonnell

The extrinsic size effect in Piezoresponse Force Microscopy of ferroelectric and piezoelectric thin films on non-polar dielectric substrate is analyzed. Analytical expressions for effective piezoresponse, object transfer function…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-13 Anna N. Morozovska , Sergei V. Svechnikov , Eugene A. Eliseev , Sergei V. Kalinin

Strong coupling between electrical and mechanical phenomena and the presence of switchable polarization have enabled applications of ferroelectric materials for nonvolatile memories (FeRAM), data storage, and ferroelectric lithography.…

The thermodynamics and kinetics of tip-induced polarization switching in Piezoresponse Force Microscopy in the presence of surface charge defects is studied using the combination of analytical and numerical techniques. The signature of the…

Frequency dependent dynamic behavior in Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) implemented on a beam-deflection atomic force microscope (AFM) is analyzed using a combination of modeling and experimental measurements. The PFM signal comprises…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-25 Stephen Jesse , Arthur P. Baddorf , Sergei V. Kalinin

Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin films are promising for next-generation memory and logic devices due to their CMOS compatibility and scalability. The spatial uniformity of the orthorhombic (O) phase is crucial for optimizing…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-05 Wei-Cheng Peng , Hsien-Yang Liu , Cheng-Yu Yu , Artur Useinov , Tian-Li Wu

We explore the ferroic properties of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM). In vertical and horizontal PFM imaging, we find domains of alternating polarization with a width of 90 nm which…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-05-11 Holger Röhm , Tobias Leonhard , Michael J. Hoffmann , Alexander Colsmann

Photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) enables nanoscale visualization of optical responses by directly detecting photoinduced forces without relying on luminescence. In molecular assemblies, intermolecular polarization coupling can generate…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-21 Masayoshi Fujii , Mamoru Tamura , Hidemasa Yamane , Hajime Ishihara

Electromechanical response of solids underpins image formation mechanism of several scanning probe microscopy techniques including the piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM). While the theory of…

While piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics are playing a key role in many everyday applications, there are still a number of open questions related to the physics of those materials. In order to foster the understanding of piezoelectrics and…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-12-01 Andres Gomez , Marti Gich , Adrien Carretero-Genevrier , Teresa Puig , Xavier Obradors

The structure of a single antiparallel ferroelectric domain wall in LiNbO3 is quantitatively mapped by piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) with calibrated probe geometry. The PFM measurements are performed for 49 probes with the radius…

Hafnium oxide (HfO2)-based ferroelectrics offer remarkable promise for memory and logic devices in view of their compatibility with traditional silicon CMOS technology, high switchable polarization, good endurance and thickness scalability.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-04-29 Liam Collins , Umberto Celano

Ferroelectric polarization switching underpins the functional performance of a wide range of materials and devices, yet its dependence on complex local microstructural features renders systematic exploration by manual or grid-based…

Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM), as a powerful nanoscale characterization technique, has been extensively utilized to elucidate diverse underlying physics of ferroelectricity. However, the intensive study of conventional PFM has…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-02-16 Qibin Zeng , Hongli Wang , Qicheng Huang , Zhen Fan , Kaiyang Zeng

Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) has been extensively utilized as a versatile and an indispensable tool to understand and analyze nanoscale ferro- /piezoelectric properties by detecting the local electromechanical response on a sample…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-04-29 Huimin Qiao , Owoong Kwon , Yunseok Kim

Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy (PFS) has emerged as a powerful tool for probing polarization dynamics on the nanoscale. Application of a dc bias to a nanoscale probe in contact with a ferroelectric surface results in the nucleation and…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-05-23 Anna N. Morozovska , Sergei V. Kalinin , Eugene A. Eliseev , Sergei V. Svechnikov