Related papers: Thermal radiation processes
Recent advances in the X-ray and soft gamma-ray observations of accreting black holes and microquasars, in particular, are reviewed. The radiative processes responsible for the emission are discussed briefly. The hybrid thermal/nonthermal…
Thermal emission is the radiation of electromagnetic waves from hot objects. The promise of thermal-emission engineering for applications in energy harvesting, radiative cooling, and thermal camouflage has recently led to renewed research…
Polarization is one of the fundamental natures of electromagnetic radiation. The detection of polarization or polarized photons from distant X-ray radiating systems (such as X-ray binaries (XBs), active galactic nuclei (AGN), pulsars, and…
Galactic and extra-galactic sources produce X-rays that are often absorbed by molecules and atoms in giant molecular clouds (GMCs), which provides valuable information about their composition and physical state. We mimic this phenomenon…
The line of phase equilibrium between the hot and cold phases of a plasma is derived from the intensity of thermal radiation as a function of the plasma density and temperature. The last function is obtained with the help of the condition…
The evolution of star-forming regions and their thermal balance are strongly influenced by their chemical composition, that, in turn, is determined by the physico-chemical processes that govern the transition between the gas phase and the…
This is the third paper in a series analyzing X-ray emission from the hot interstellar medium in a sample of 54 normal elliptical galaxies observed by Chandra, focusing on 36 galaxies with sufficient signal to compute radial temperature…
I review studies of the hot gaseous medium in and around nearby normal disk galaxies, including the Milky Way. This medium represents a reservoir of materials required for lasting star formation, a depository of galactic feedback (e.g.,…
The impact of non-thermal processes on the spectral energy distributions of galaxies can be dramatic, but such processes are often neglected in considerations of their structure and evolution. Particle acceleration associated with high mass…
The hot plasma in galaxy clusters is expected to be heated to high temperatures through shocks and adiabatic compression. The thermodynamical properties of the gas encode information on the processes leading to the thermalization of the gas…
While very often a hot intergalactic medium (IGM) is optically thin to continuum radiation, the optical depth in resonant lines can be of order unity or larger. Resonant scattering in the brightest X-ray emission lines can cause distortions…
Elliptical galaxies are generally luminous sources of X-ray radiation, and contain large amounts of hot, interstellar gas. In the brighter X-ray galaxies, the inferred masses of hot gas are consistent with those expected given the present…
The study of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the X-rays has entered a golden age with the advent of the X-ray observatories XMM-Newton and Chandra. High-energy resolution allowed to study dust spectroscopic features with unprecedented…
The High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) onboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory has so far produced a large number of high resolution X-ray spectra with unprecedented spectroscopic details. Spectra from outflows in galactic…
Electrons densities in different locations of our galaxy are obtained in pulsar astronomy by dividing the dispersion measure (DM) by the distance of the pulsar to Earth. The properties of the interstellar plasma are related to its heating.…
Optical/UV photons and even harder radiation components in galaxies are absorbed and scattered by dust and re-emitted at infrared wavelengths. For a better understanding of the obscured regions of the galaxies detailed models of the…
Seyfert galaxies have been shown to exhibit a large variety of features in their X-ray spectra from which the environment of the central engine can be deduced. We focus on the two following aspects: the Warm Absorber, mainly responsible of…
Thermal convection is one of the main mechanisms of heat transport and mixing in stars in general and also in the photospheric layers which emit the radiation that we observe with astronomical instruments. The present lecture notes first…
A general theory is presented for the spatial correlations in the intensity of the radiation emitted by a random medium in thermal equilibrium. We find that a non-zero correlation persists over distances large compared to the transverse…
This review focuses on the X-ray emission processes of extra-galactic jets on scales resolvable by the sub arcsec resolution of the Chandra X-ray Observatory. It is divided into 4 parts. The introductory chapter reviews the classical…