Related papers: Thermal radiation processes
Thanks to the new generation of X-ray satellites such as Chandra and XMM, high resolution and high sensitivity spectra are available. In particular, for the first time, the three most intense lines (resonance, intercombination and…
Although soft X-ray absorption features in AGN were discovered almost ten years ago, the nature and location of the gas creating them has remained controversial. However, by making use of the newly-available high-resolution spectra provided…
Heating and ionization are among the most fundamental processes in relativistic laser--solid interactions; however, their spatiotemporal evolution remains challenging to capture experimentally. Here we present detailed diagnosis of…
We present a detailed study of X-ray absorption in the local interstellar medium by analyzing the X-ray spectra of 24 galactic sources obtained with the {\it Chandra} High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer and the {\it XMM-Newton}…
Galaxies are part of a vast cosmic ecosystem, embedded in an extensive gaseous reservoir that regulates their growth by providing the necessary fuel for star formation while preserving a fossil record of past interactions, outflows, and…
We review the nuclear and condensed matter physics underlying the thermal and transport properties of the neutron star inner crust. These properties play a key role in interpreting transient phenomena such as thermal relaxation in accreting…
There has been considerable interest in properties of condensed matter at finite temperature, including non-equilibrium behavior and extreme conditions up to the warm dense matter regime. Such behavior is encountered, e.g., in experimental…
Due to the continuous developments in polarimetric instrumentation, which will become even more dramatic in the near future with the availability of new generation solar telescopes, we are now severely confronted with a variety of new…
Non-thermal components are key ingredients for understanding clusters of galaxies. In the hierarchical model of structure formation, shocks and large-scale turbulence are unavoidable in the cluster formation processes. Understanding the…
We examine properties of thermal radiation emitted by strongly magnetized neutron stars (NSs). In particular, we show that the pulsation amplitudes of the energy-integrated flux are an increasing function of the absorption column density to…
Diffuse hot gas can be traced effectively by its X-ray absorption and emission. We present a joint-analysis of these tracers to characterize the spatial and temperature distributions of the Galactic hot gas along the sight-line toward the…
There is compelling evidence that at least some clusters of galaxies are powerful sources of non-thermal radiation. In all cases where this radiation has been detected, a general trend is that high energy densities of cosmic rays and…
The thermodynamics of the diffuse, X-ray emitting gas in clusters of galaxies is linked to the entropy level of the intra cluster medium. In particular, models that successfully reproduce the properties of local X-ray clusters and groups…
Signatures of warm absorbers are seen in soft X-ray spectra of about half of all Seyfert1 galaxies observed and in some quasars and blazars. We use the thermal equilibrium curve to study the influence of the shape of the ionizing continuum,…
The contributions of different radiation mechanisms to the diffuse gamma-ray emission of the galactic disk are studied in a broad energy region from X-rays to very high energy gamma rays.
X-ray emission is ubiquitous among massive stars. In the last decade, X-ray observations revolutionized our perception of stellar winds but opened a Pandora's box of urgent problems. X-rays penetrating stellar winds suffer mainly continuum…
We review the origin and structure of hot (cooling flow) gas in elliptical galaxies. X-ray observations can be used to determine the stellar mass to light ratio, the mass profiles of dark matter halos, and the interstellar magnetic field.…
X-ray spectroscopy offers an opportunity to study the complex mixture of emitting and absorbing components in the circumnuclear regions of active galactic nuclei, and to learn about the accretion process that fuels AGN and the feedback of…
A fraction of the thermal protons in the outer envelope of an X-ray cluster have velocities that exceed the local escape speed from the cluster gravitational potential. The Coulomb mean-free-path of these protons is larger than the virial…
Recent X-ray observations have had a major impact on topics ranging from protostars to cosmology. They have also drawn attention to important and general physical processes that currently limit our understanding of thermal and nonthermal…