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Quantum key distribution is rising as an important cryptographic primitive for protecting the communication infrastructure in the digital era. However, its implementation security is often weakened by components whose behavior deviates from…

Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. High photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum…

Optics · Physics 2015-05-30 W. Pernice , C. Schuck , O. Minaeva , M. Li , G. N. Goltsman , A. V. Sergienko , H. X. Tang

Soft X-ray experiments at synchrotron light sources are essential for a wide range of research fields. However, commercially available detectors for this energy range often cannot deliver the necessary combination of quantum efficiency,…

With the evolving technology in CMOS integration, new classes of 2D-imaging detectors have recently become available. In particular, single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays allow detection of single photons at high acquisition rates…

We derive the time-dependent photo-detection probability equation of a superconducting single photon detector (SSPD) to study the responsive property for a pulse train at high repetition rate. Using this equation, we analyze the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Mikio Fujiwara , Toshimori Honjo , Kaoru Shimizu , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Masahide Sasaki

Photon detection is a cornerstone of quantum technology, traditionally regarded as a static device-level operation constrained by the intrinsic physical properties of single-photon detectors (SPDs). Consequently, high-performance detection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Hao Shu

We consider the use of single-photon counting detectors in coherence-domain imaging. Detectors operated in this mode exhibit reduced noise, which leads to increased sensitivity for weak light sources and weakly reflecting samples. In…

Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) offer high-quantum-efficiency and low-dark-count-rate single photon detection. In a growing number of cases, large magnetic fields are being incorporated into quantum microscopes,…

The Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) is a mature photodetector concept that is applied in a variety of applications ranging from medical imaging to automotive LiDAR systems. Over the last few years, improvements of the sensor performance are…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-10-21 Eugen Engelmann , Wolfgang Schmailzl , Peter Iskra , Florian Wiest , Elena Popova , Sergey Vinogradov

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based transient imaging suffers from an aberration called pile-up. When multiple photons arrive within a single repetition period of the illuminating laser, the SPAD records only the arrival of the first…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-06-21 Adithya K. Pediredla , Aswin C. Sankaranarayanan , Mauro Buttafava , Alberto Tosi , Ashok Veeraraghavan

We report room temperature operation of telecom wavelength single-photon detectors for high bit rate quantum key distribution (QKD). Room temperature operation is achieved using InGaAs avalanche photodiodes integrated with electronics based…

In this article, we experimentally demonstrate an eavesdropper's (Eve's) information gain by exploiting the breakdown flash generated by the single photon avalanche detector (SPAD) used in coherent one-way quantum key distribution (COW-QKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Ashutosh Kumar Singh , Nilesh Sharma , Vaibhav Pratap Singh , Anil Prabhakar

Photon-number resolving (PNR) single-photon detectors are an enabling technology in many areas such as photonic quantum computing, non-classical light source characterisation and quantum imaging. Here, we demonstrate high-efficiency PNR…

We demonstrate an integral gated mode single photon detector at telecom wavelengths. The charge number of an avalanche pulse rather than the peak current is monitored for single-photon detection. The transient spikes in conventional gated…

Single-photon detectors and nanoscale superconducting devices are two major candidates for realizing quantum technologies. Superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) comprise these two solid-state and optic aspects enabling…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-01-24 Itamar Holzman , Yachin Ivry

Single-photon detectors based on superconducting nanowires (SSPDs or SNSPDs) have rapidly emerged as a highly promising photon-counting technology for infrared wavelengths. These devices offer high efficiency, low dark counts and excellent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-26 Chandra M. Natarajan , Michael G. Tanner , Robert H. Hadfield

Since their first demonstration in 2001, superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors have witnessed two decades of great developments. SNSPDs are the detector of choice in most modern quantum optics experiments and are slowly finding…

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are promising light sensor for various fields of experimental physics. It has been argued, however, that variation of APD gain with temperature could be a serious problem preventing APDs from replacing…

Integrated arrays of Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) have shown capabilities such as Photon Number Resolution, single photon imaging and coincidences detection, and can be effectively used also in other different…

For the last 50 years, superconducting detectors have offered exceptional sensitivity and speed for detecting faint electromagnetic signals in a wide range of applications. These detectors operate at very low temperatures and generate a…