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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring the application of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in optical wireless communication (OWC). As a photon counting detector, SPAD can provide much higher sensitivity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Shenjie Huang , Majid Safari

Integrated photonics has the advantages of miniaturization, low cost, and CMOS compatibility, and it provides a stable, highly integrated, and practical platform for quantum key distribution (QKD). While photonic integration of optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-08 Lingwen Kong , Zhihao Li , Congxiu Li , Lin Cao , Zeyu Xing , Junqin Cao , Yaxin Wang , Xinlun Cai , Xiaoqi Zhou

Single photon detection played an important role in the development of quantum optics. Its implementation in the microwave domain is challenging because the photon energy is 5 orders of magnitude smaller. In recent years, significant…

In this paper, we have investigated a self-developed sine wave gated (SWG) single-photon detector (SPD) for 1550 nm wavelength primary for quantum key distribution (QKD) usage. We have investigated different gate parameters` influence on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-20 A. V. Losev , V. V. Zavodilenko , A. A. Koziy , Y. V. Kurochkin , A. A. Gorbatsevich

Single-photon sources and detectors are key enabling technologies in quantum information processing. Nanowire-based superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) offer single-photon detection from the visible well into the infrared with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Robert H. Hadfield , Martin J. Stevens , Richard P. Mirin , Sae Woo Nam

Afterpulsing noise in InGaAs/InP single photon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) is caused by carrier trapping and can be suppressed successfully through limiting the avalanche charge via sub-nanosecond gating. Detection of faint avalanches…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Yuanbin Fan , Tingting Shi , Weijie Ji , Lai Zhou , Yang Ji , Zhiliang Yuan

Achieving fast, sensitive, and parallel measurement of a large number of quantum particles is an essential task in building large-scale quantum platforms for different quantum information processing applications such as sensing,…

Single photon detectors are indispensable tools in optics, from fundamental measurements to quantum information processing. The ability of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors to detect single photons with unprecedented…

Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are new and promising imaging sensors. These sensors are sensitive enough to detect individual photons hitting each pixel, with extreme temporal resolution and without readout noise. Thus, SPADs stand…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-01-21 Aleksi Suonsivu , Lauri Salmela , Leevi Uosukainen , Edoardo Peretti , Radu Ciprian Bilcu , Giacomo Boracchi

Single-photon detectors are an essential part of the toolbox of modern quantum optics for implementing quantum technologies and enabling tests of fundamental physics. The low energy of microwave photons, the natural signal path for…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Lukas Danner , Max Hofheinz , Nicolas Bourlet , Ciprian Padurariu , Joachim Ankerhold , Björn Kubala

Up-conversion single photon detector (UCSPD) has been widely used in many research fields including quantum key distribution (QKD), lidar, optical time domain reflectrometry (OTDR) and deep space communication. For the first time in…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-11-03 Ming-Yang Zheng , Guo-Liang Shentu , Fei Ma , Fei Zhou , Hai-Ting Zhang , Yun-Qi Dai , Xiuping Xie , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Traditional cameras face a trade-off between low-light performance and high-speed imaging: longer exposure times to capture sufficient light results in motion blur, whereas shorter exposures result in Poisson-corrupted noisy images. While…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Manasi Muglikar , Siddharth Somasundaram , Akshat Dave , Edoardo Charbon , Ramesh Raskar , Davide Scaramuzza

We give an analytic treatment of the time resolution and efficiency of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). We provide closed-form expressions for structures with uniform electric fields and efficient…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-05-05 Werner Riegler , Philipp Windischhofer

We propose a photon-arrival detector (PAD), which detects the arrival of a signal photon and simultaneously projects the signal input state to a single photon state, with an atom-cavity system. In this proposal, use of a V-type system as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Kunihiro Kojima , Akihisa Tomita

The measurement of light characteristics at the single- and few photon level plays a key role in many quantum optics applications. Often photodetection is preceded with the transmission of quantum light over long distances in optical fibers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-11 M. Covi , B. Pressl , T. Günthner , K. Laiho , S. Krapick , C. Silberhorn , G. Weihs

Single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays have proven themselves as serious candidates for time of flight positron emission tomography (PET). Discrete readout schemes mitigate the low-noise requirements of analog schemes and offer very…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-06-28 M. -A. Tétrault , É. Desaulniers Lamy , A. Boisvert , C. Thibaudeau , F. Dubois , R. Fontaine , J. -F. Pratte

We propose a passive single-photon detector based on the bipolar thermoelectric effect occurring in tunnel junctions between two different superconductors thanks to spontaneous electron-hole symmetry breaking. Our thermoelectric detector…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-05-04 Federico Paolucci , Gaia Germanese , Alessandro Braggio , Francesco Giazotto

We applied a recently developed fiber coupling technique to superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs). As the detector area of SSPDs has to be kept as small as possible, coupling to an optical fiber has been either inefficient or…

Optics · Physics 2011-09-28 S. N. Dorenbos , R. W. Heeres , E. F. C Driessen , V. Zwiller

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are the highest performing photon-counting technology in the near-infrared (NIR). Due to delay-line effects, large area SNSPDs typically trade-off timing resolution and detection…

Avalanche photodiodes are widely used as practical detectors of single photons.1 Although conventional devices respond to one or more photons, they cannot resolve the number in the incident pulse or short time interval. However, such photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-03 B. E. Kardynal , Z. L. Yuan , A. J. Shields