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The intrinsic stochasticity of gene expression can lead to large variability of protein levels across a population of cells. Variability (or noise) in protein distributions can be modulated by cellular mechanisms of gene regulation; in…
Regulation of intrinsic noise in gene expression is essential for many cellular functions. Correspondingly, there is considerable interest in understanding how different molecular mechanisms of gene expression impact variations in protein…
Even under constant external conditions, the expression levels of genes fluctuate. Much emphasis has been placed on the components of this noise that are due to randomness in transcription and translation; here we analyze the role of noise…
Gene expression is a fundamental process in a living system. The small RNAs (sRNAs) is widely observed as a global regulator in gene expression. The inherent nonlinearity in this regulatory process together with the bursty production of…
It is well-known that gene activation/deactivation dynamics may be a major source of randomness in genetic networks, also in the case of large concentrations of the transcription factors. In this work, we investigate the effect of realistic…
A key goal of systems biology is the predictive mathematical description of gene regulatory circuits. Different approaches are used such as deterministic and stochastic models, models that describe cell growth and division explicitly or…
Gene expression is a random or noisy process. The process consists of several random events among which the reinitiation of transcription by RNAP is an important one. The RNAP molecules can bind the gene only after the promoter gets…
Gene expression is stochastic and displays variation ("noise") both within and between cells. Intracellular (intrinsic) variance can be distinguished from extracellular (extrinsic) variance by applying the law of total variance to data from…
Inside individual cells, expression of genes is inherently stochastic and manifests as cell-to-cell variability or noise in protein copy numbers. Since proteins half-lives can be comparable to the cell-cycle length, randomness in…
Intrinsic transcriptional noise induced by operator fluctuations is investigated with a simple spin like stochastic model. The effects of transcriptional fluctuations in protein synthesis is probed by coupling transcription and translation…
Over the last several decades it has been increasingly recognized that stochastic processes play a central role in transcription. Though many stochastic effects have been explained, the source of transcriptional bursting (one of the most…
Gene expression and its regulation is a nonequilibrium stochastic process. Different molecules are involved in several biochemical steps in this process with low copies. It is observed that the stochasticity in biochemical processes is…
Gene transcription is a stochastic process that involves thousands of reactions. The first set of these reactions, which happen near a gene promoter, are considered to be the most important in the context of stochastic noise. The most…
The regulation of cellular function is often controlled at the level of gene transcription. Such genetic regulation usually consists of interacting networks, whereby gene products from a single network can act to control their own…
Regulation of gene expression is the consequence of interactions between the promoter of the gene and the transcription factors (TFs). In this paper, we explore the features of a genetic network where the TFs (activators and repressors)…
Noise in the expression of a gene produces fluctuations in the concentration of the gene product. These fluctuations can interfere with optimal function or can be exploited to generate beneficial diversity between cells; gene expression…
Inside individual cells, expression of genes is stochastic across organisms ranging from bacterial to human cells. A ubiquitous feature of stochastic expression is burst-like synthesis of gene products, which drives considerable…
We derive exact solutions of simplified models for the temporal evolution of the protein concentration within a cell population arbitrarily far from the stationary state. We show that monitoring the dynamics can assist in modeling and…
The inherent stochasticity of cellular processes leads to significant cell-to-cell variation in protein abundance. Although this noise has already been characterized and modeled, its broader implications and significance remain unclear. In…
The origin of stochastic fluctuations in gene expression has received considerable attention recently. Fluctuations in gene expression are particularly pronounced in cellular systems because of the small copy number of species undergoing…