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There are $n$ queues, each with a single server. Customers arrive in a Poisson process at rate $\lambda n$, where $0<\lambda<1$. Upon arrival each customer selects $d\geq2$ servers uniformly at random, and joins the queue at a least-loaded…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Malwina J. Luczak , Colin McDiarmid

In the supermarket model, there are $n$ queues, each with a single server. Customers arrive in a Poisson process with arrival rate $\lambda n$, where $\lambda = \lambda (n) \in (0,1)$. Upon arrival, a customer selects $d=d(n)$ servers…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-01-27 Graham Brightwell , Malwina Luczak

We consider a queueing system with $n$ parallel queues operating according to the so-called "supermarket model" in which arriving customers join the shortest of $d$ randomly selected queues. Assuming rate $n\lambda_{n}$ Poisson arrivals and…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-01-19 Patrick Eschenfeldt , David Gamarnik

A supermarket game is considered with $N$ FCFS queues with unit exponential service rate and global Poisson arrival rate $N \lambda$. Upon arrival each customer chooses a number of queues to be sampled uniformly at random and joins the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-12-27 Jiaming Xu , Bruce Hajek

The supermarket model is a system of $n$ queues each with serving rates $1$ and arrival rates $\lambda$ per vertex, where tasks will move on arrival to the shortest adjacent queue. We consider the supermarket model in the small $\lambda$…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-08 John Fernley , Balázs Gerencsér

We consider a queueing system consisting of two non-identical exponential servers, where each server has its own dedicated queue and serves the customers in that queue FCFS. Customers arrive according to a Poisson process and join the queue…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-03-20 Jori Selen , Ivo J. B. F. Adan , Stella Kapodistria , Johan S. H. van Leeuwaarden

In this paper we consider a single-server, cyclic polling system with switch-over times. A distinguishing feature of the model is that the rates of the Poisson arrival processes at the various queues depend on the server location. For this…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-08-04 Marko Boon , Sandra van Wijk , Ivo Adan , Onno Boxma

We set out a general procedure which allows the approximation of certain Markov chains by the solutions of differential equations. The chains considered have some components which oscillate rapidly and randomly, while others are close to…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-03-14 M. J. Luczak , J. R. Norris

When decomposing the total orbit into $N$ sub-orbits (or simply orbits) related to each of $N$ servers and through comparing the numbers of customers in these orbits, we introduce a retrial supermarket model of $N$ identical servers, where…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Quan-Lin Li , Meng Wang , John C. S. Lui , Yang Wang

We consider the supermarket model in the usual Markovian setting where jobs arrive at rate $n \lambda_n$ for some $\lambda_n > 0$, with $n$ parallel servers each processing jobs in its queue at rate 1. An arriving job joins the shortest…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-09 Shankar Bhamidi , Amarjit Budhiraja , Miheer Dewaskar

This work studies queues in a Euclidean space. Consider $N$ servers that are distributed uniformly in $[0,1]^d$. Customers arrive at the servers according to independent stationary processes. Upon arrival, they probabilistically decide…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-05 B. R. Vinay Kumar , Lasse Leskelä

We consider queueing models, where customers arrive according to a continuous-time binomial process on a finite interval. In this arrival process, a total of $K$ customers arrive in the finite time interval $[0,T]$, where arrival times of…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Kaito Hayashi , Yoshiaki Inoue , Tetsuya Takine

The supermarket model refers to a system with a large number of queues, where new customers choose d queues at random and join the one with the fewest customers. This model demonstrates the power of even small amounts of choice, as compared…

Performance · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Michael Mitzenmacher , Matteo Dell'Amico

We study the poor-biased model for money exchange introduced in [2]: agents are being randomly picked at a rate proportional to their current wealth, and then the selected agent gives a dollar to another agent picked uniformly at random.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-15 Roberto Cortez , Fei Cao

We prove three strong approximation theorems for the `supermarket' or `join the shortest queue' model -- a law of large numbers, a jump process approximation and a central limit theorem. The estimates are carried through rather explicitly.…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Malwina J. Luczak , James Norris

Capacity restrictions in stores, maintained by mechanisms like spacing customer intake, became familiar features of retailing in the time of the pandemic. Shopping rates in a crowded store under a social distance regime is prone to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Haitian Zhong , David Sankoff

A parallel server system with $n$ identical servers is considered. The service time distribution has a finite mean $1/\mu$, but otherwise is arbitrary. Arriving customers are be routed to one of the servers immediately upon arrival.…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-02-15 Sergey Foss , Alexander Stolyar

We develop an empirical behavioural order-driven (EBOD) model, which consists of an order placement process and an order cancellation process. Price limit rules are introduced in the definition of relative price. The order placement process…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-08-23 Gao-Feng Gu , Xiong Xiong , Hai-Chuan Xu , Wei Zhang , Yong-Jie Zhang , Wei Chen , Wei-Xing Zhou

We study a double-ended queue which consists of two classes of customers. Whenever there is a pair of customers from both classes, they are matched and leave the system immediately. The matching follows first-come-first-serve principle. If…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-07-18 Xin Liu

We consider the asymptotic distribution of a cell in a 2 x ... x 2 contingency table as the fixed marginal totals tend to infinity. The asymptotic order of the cell variance is derived and a useful diagnostic is given for determining…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-17 Quan Zhou
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