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Circular words are cyclically ordered finite sequences of letters. We give a computer-free proof of the following result by Currie: square-free circular words over the ternary alphabet exist for all lengths $l$ except for 5, 7, 9, 10, 14,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-10-26 Arseny M. Shur

This paper analyzes infinitary nondeterministic computability theory. The main result is D $\ne$ ND $\cap$ coND where D is the class of sets decidable by infinite time Turing machines and ND is the class of sets recognizable by a…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-12-27 Erin Carmody

An infinite binary sequence is deemed to be random if it has all definable properties that hold almost surely for the usual probability measure on the set of infinite binary sequences. There are only countably many such properties, so it…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-03-18 Peter G. Doyle

We study a question of Harju from 2019 regarding the existence of infinite ternary square-free words whose subsequences modulo $p$ and $q$ are also square-free for relatively prime integers $p$ and $q$. Among such pairs $(p, q)$ with $p, q…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Thomas Delépine , Pascal Ochem , Matthieu Rosenfeld

An infinite word is S-automatic if, for all n>=0, its (n + 1)st letter is the output of a deterministic automaton fed with the representation of n in the considered numeration system S. In this extended abstract, we consider an analogous…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-07-06 Emilie Charlier , Tomi Karki , Michel Rigo

We study automatic sequences and automatic systems generated by general constant length (nonprimitive) substitutions. While an automatic system is typically uncountable, the set of automatic sequences is countable, implying that most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-04 Elżbieta Krawczyk

The Tribonacci sequence $\mathbb{T}$ is the fixed point of the substitution $\sigma(a,b,c)=(ab,ac,a)$. The main result is twofold: (1) we give the explicit expressions of the numbers of distinct squares and cubes in $\mathbb{T}[1,n]$ (the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-06-08 Huang Yuke , Wen Zhiying

We introduce thread quivers as an (infinite) generalization of quivers, and show that every k-linear (k algebraically closed) hereditary category with Serre duality and enough projectives is equivalent to the category of finitely presented…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2013-07-04 Carl Fredrik Berg , Adam-Christiaan van Roosmalen

The issue of defining a random sequence of qubits is studied in the framework of Algorithmic Free Probability Theory.Its connection with Quantum Algorithmic Information Theory is shown

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gavriel Segre

A word is square-free if it does not contain a nonempty word of the form $XX$ as a factor. A famous 1906 result of Thue asserts that there exist arbitrarily long square-free words over a $3$-letter alphabet. We study square-free words with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Michał Dębski , Jarosław Grytczuk , Bartłomiej Pawlik

We consider the computational model of the Queue Automaton. An old result is that the deterministic queue automaton is equally expressive as the Turing machine. We introduced the Reactive Turing Machine, enhancing the Turing machine with a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Jos C. M. Baeten , Bas Luttik

The $n$th term of an automatic sequence is the output of a deterministic finite automaton fed with the representation of $n$ in a suitable numeration system. In this paper, instead of considering automatic sequences built on a numeration…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Michel Rigo , Manon Stipulanti

Many automatic sequences, such as the Thue-Morse sequence or the Rudin-Shapiro sequence, have some desirable features of pseudorandomness such as a large linear complexity and a small well-distribution measure. However, they also have some…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-10 László Mérai , Arne Winterhof

A word is \emph{square-free} if it does not contain non-empty factors of the form $XX$. In 1906 Thue proved that there exist arbitrarily long square-free words over $3$-letter alphabet. We consider a new type of square-free words. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-15 Jarosław Grytczuk , Hubert Kordulewski , Artur Niewiadomski

We provide a unifying framework where artificial neural networks and their architectures can be formally described as particular cases of a general mathematical construction--machines of finite depth. Unlike neural networks, machines have a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Pietro Vertechi , Mattia G. Bergomi

We introduce a new geometric tool for analyzing groups of finite automata. To each finite automaton we associate a square complex. The square complex is covered by a product of two trees iff the automaton is bi-reversible. Using this method…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yair Glasner , Shahar Mozes

In this work we extend our study on a link between automaticity and certain algebraic power series over finite fields. Our starting point is a family of sequences in a finite field of characteristic $2$, recently introduced by the first…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-04 Alain Lasjaunias , Jia-Yan Yao

This paper focuses on the equivalent expression of fractional integrals/derivatives with an infinite series. A universal framework for fractional Taylor series is developed by expanding an analytic function at the initial instant or the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-12-07 Yiheng Wei , YangQuan Chen , Qing Gao , Yong Wang

A formal inverse of a given automatic sequence (the sequence of coefficients of the composition inverse of its associated formal power series) is also automatic. The comparison of properties of the original sequence and its formal inverse…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Łukasz Merta

Finite automata with weights in the max-plus semiring are considered. The main result is: it is decidable in an effective way whether a series that is recognized by a finitely ambiguous max-plus automaton is unambiguous, or is sequential. A…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-09-27 Ines Klimann , Sylvain Lombardy , Jean Mairesse , Christophe Prieur